{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003971510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aay8533","title":"A bioinspired Separated Flow wing provides turbulence resilience and aerodynamic efficiency for miniature drones","display_name":"A bioinspired Separated Flow wing provides turbulence resilience and aerodynamic efficiency for miniature drones","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003971510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aay8533","mag":"3003971510","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33022594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aay8533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aay8533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/276353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030930290","display_name":"Matteo Di Luca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0000-2033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Di Luca","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020240971","display_name":"Stefano Mintchev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-0212"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Mintchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028570852","display_name":"Yunxing Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5981-1228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunxing Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110181247","display_name":"Eric Shaw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067000740","display_name":"Kenneth Breuer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-2231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Breuer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030930290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.973,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97548149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"38","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freestream","display_name":"Freestream","score":0.8990663290023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wing","display_name":"Wing","score":0.7812476754188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.742040753364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.7205491662025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.6620295643806458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-attack","display_name":"Angle of attack","score":0.5376739501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wing-configuration","display_name":"Wing configuration","score":0.5218992829322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lift","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","score":0.4961322247982025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.47926589846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.4303004741668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.376990407705307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3749444782733917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3281283676624298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2704465389251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.2638775706291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13750678300857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reynolds-number","display_name":"Reynolds number","score":0.07274827361106873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776911258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5501170","display_name":"Freestream","level":4,"score":0.8990663290023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97257150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161358","display_name":"Wing","level":2,"score":0.7812476754188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.742040753364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.7205491662025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.6620295643806458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370906","display_name":"Angle of attack","level":3,"score":0.5376739501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86811826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992500","display_name":"Wing configuration","level":3,"score":0.5218992829322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.4961322247982025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.47926589846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.4303004741668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.376990407705307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3749444782733917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3281283676624298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2704465389251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2638775706291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13750678300857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.07274827361106873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aay8533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aay8533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33022594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33022594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science robotics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:276353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/276353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:276353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/276353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6988606106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI-1426338","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8524458967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Presidential Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309070","funder_display_name":"Brown University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309070","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41835215","https://openalex.org/W1514397422","https://openalex.org/W1515007632","https://openalex.org/W1518672027","https://openalex.org/W1527811341","https://openalex.org/W1577773964","https://openalex.org/W1964345753","https://openalex.org/W1975683007","https://openalex.org/W1977103166","https://openalex.org/W1977590830","https://openalex.org/W1982022354","https://openalex.org/W2017222762","https://openalex.org/W2035155402","https://openalex.org/W2046108227","https://openalex.org/W2046372899","https://openalex.org/W2067669628","https://openalex.org/W2080455229","https://openalex.org/W2091378785","https://openalex.org/W2092079277","https://openalex.org/W2092981626","https://openalex.org/W2093057928","https://openalex.org/W2096587590","https://openalex.org/W2099551355","https://openalex.org/W2103178361","https://openalex.org/W2113334604","https://openalex.org/W2115733630","https://openalex.org/W2120348298","https://openalex.org/W2124974472","https://openalex.org/W2128498584","https://openalex.org/W2130850684","https://openalex.org/W2146951279","https://openalex.org/W2157778107","https://openalex.org/W2163191452","https://openalex.org/W2301232110","https://openalex.org/W2316230643","https://openalex.org/W2327364822","https://openalex.org/W2517256722","https://openalex.org/W2531029721","https://openalex.org/W2565201867","https://openalex.org/W2585024272","https://openalex.org/W2616378990","https://openalex.org/W2772052675","https://openalex.org/W2801704144","https://openalex.org/W2883132479","https://openalex.org/W2891415120","https://openalex.org/W2893667363","https://openalex.org/W2897714358","https://openalex.org/W2898206653","https://openalex.org/W2910738734","https://openalex.org/W2910913137","https://openalex.org/W4246720108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009241753","https://openalex.org/W2598814752","https://openalex.org/W2635007544","https://openalex.org/W51076993","https://openalex.org/W2743744890","https://openalex.org/W758841004","https://openalex.org/W1516574558","https://openalex.org/W3007034580","https://openalex.org/W4205625390","https://openalex.org/W1974690549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small-scale":[0],"drones":[1],"have":[2,46],"enough":[3],"sensing":[4],"and":[5,34,36,74,95,106,188,192],"computing":[6],"power":[7,141],"to":[8,28,50,64,72,101,123],"find":[9],"use":[10],"across":[11],"a":[12,66,113,143],"growing":[13],"number":[14,22,136],"of":[15,109,119,131,142,168],"applications.":[16],"However,":[17],"flying":[18],"in":[19,116,156],"the":[20,90,103,110,117,129,150,157,165],"low-Reynolds":[21,135],"regime":[23],"remains":[24],"challenging.":[25],"High":[26],"sensitivity":[27,118],"atmospheric":[29],"turbulence":[30,76],"compromises":[31],"vehicle":[32],"stability":[33],"control,":[35],"low":[37],"aerodynamic":[38,79,107],"efficiency":[39],"limits":[40],"flight":[41,166],"duration.":[42],"Conventional":[43],"wing":[44,67,153],"designs":[45],"thus":[47],"far":[48],"failed":[49],"address":[51],"these":[52],"two":[53],"deficiencies":[54],"simultaneously.":[55],"Here,":[56],"we":[57,184],"draw":[58],"inspiration":[59],"from":[60],"nature's":[61],"small":[62],"flyers":[63],"design":[65,191],"with":[68,128,149],"lift":[69,120],"generation":[70],"robust":[71],"gusts":[73],"freestream":[75,124],"without":[77],"sacrificing":[78],"efficiency.":[80],"This":[81],"performance":[82,108,130],"is":[83,172],"achieved":[84],"by":[85],"forcing":[86],"flow":[87],"separation":[88],"at":[89],"airfoil":[91],"leading":[92],"edge.":[93],"Water":[94],"wind":[96,158],"tunnel":[97,159],"measurements":[98],"are":[99],"used":[100],"demonstrate":[102],"working":[104],"principle":[105],"wing,":[111],"showing":[112],"substantial":[114],"reduction":[115],"force":[121],"production":[122],"turbulence,":[125],"as":[126],"compared":[127],"an":[132,161],"Eppler":[133],"E423":[134],"wing.":[137],"The":[138],"minimum":[139],"cruise":[140],"custom-built":[144],"104-gram":[145],"fixed-wing":[146,180],"drone":[147],"equipped":[148],"Separated":[151],"Flow":[152],"was":[154],"measured":[155],"indicating":[160],"upper":[162],"limit":[163],"for":[164],"time":[167],"170":[169],"minutes,":[170],"which":[171],"about":[173],"four":[174],"times":[175],"higher":[176],"than":[177],"comparable":[178],"existing":[179],"drones.":[181],"In":[182],"addition,":[183],"present":[185],"scaling":[186],"guidelines":[187],"outline":[189],"future":[190],"manufacturing":[193],"challenges.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}