{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125369352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.ady7233","title":"Architectural swarms for responsive fa\u00e7ades and creative expression","display_name":"Architectural swarms for responsive fa\u00e7ades and creative expression","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125369352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.ady7233","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41564162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.ady7233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.ady7233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062807233","display_name":"Merihan Alhafnawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1049-7877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Merihan Alhafnawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117273007","display_name":"Jad Bendarkawi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jad Bendarkawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034347945","display_name":"Yenet Deribe. Tafesse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yenet Tafesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072264445","display_name":"Lucia Stein-Montalvo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-2236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Stein-Montalvo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122119665","display_name":"Azariah Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131129","display_name":"American School of Classical Studies at Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03638wk09","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azariah Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of African American Studies, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of African American Studies, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131129","https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123610632","display_name":"Vicky Chow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicky Chow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004149907","display_name":"Sigrid Adriaenssens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigrid Adriaenssens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109048112","display_name":"Radhika Nagpal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radhika Nagpal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062807233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16062837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"110","first_page":"eady7233","last_page":"eady7233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.8919000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.8919000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13518","display_name":"Architecture and Computational Design","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-robotics","display_name":"Swarm robotics","score":0.6205000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4596000015735626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169337768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446723","display_name":"Swarm robotics","level":3,"score":0.6205000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5608999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5227000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165062768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644","display_name":"Biomimetics","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72280835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635346","display_name":"Architectural pattern","level":5,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19273510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263847","display_name":"Artificial life","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776319702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141158","display_name":"Stigmergy","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44832474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4770870","display_name":"Ant robotics","level":5,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158436829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787054","display_name":"Architectural geometry","level":5,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001108","descriptor_name":"Architecture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001108","descriptor_name":"Architecture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003405","descriptor_name":"Creativity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003405","descriptor_name":"Creativity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013472","descriptor_name":"Sunlight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013472","descriptor_name":"Sunlight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.ady7233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.ady7233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41564162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41564162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science robotics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6480364799499512,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4681152834","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI-2240407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2471752397","display_name":"Amazon Research Awards","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101507059","https://openalex.org/W1522783789","https://openalex.org/W1972093779","https://openalex.org/W1997488333","https://openalex.org/W2001032586","https://openalex.org/W2036613575","https://openalex.org/W2051292214","https://openalex.org/W2065650065","https://openalex.org/W2099813784","https://openalex.org/W2118331730","https://openalex.org/W2294865793","https://openalex.org/W2533619018","https://openalex.org/W2567565366","https://openalex.org/W2577675456","https://openalex.org/W2616661145","https://openalex.org/W2883121634","https://openalex.org/W2898335944","https://openalex.org/W2921599593","https://openalex.org/W2922262836","https://openalex.org/W2950423911","https://openalex.org/W2952821439","https://openalex.org/W2963203577","https://openalex.org/W2965089537","https://openalex.org/W3006365281","https://openalex.org/W3020310234","https://openalex.org/W3042909297","https://openalex.org/W3048946288","https://openalex.org/W3093156202","https://openalex.org/W3097652766","https://openalex.org/W3111233914","https://openalex.org/W3154258872","https://openalex.org/W3163494870","https://openalex.org/W3176202740","https://openalex.org/W3205722082","https://openalex.org/W3207629859","https://openalex.org/W3217179622","https://openalex.org/W4206628392","https://openalex.org/W4285102591","https://openalex.org/W4288038248","https://openalex.org/W4295781040","https://openalex.org/W4324342844","https://openalex.org/W4382935965","https://openalex.org/W4386608463","https://openalex.org/W4389076531","https://openalex.org/W4389098222","https://openalex.org/W4389286028","https://openalex.org/W4391797261","https://openalex.org/W4394988544","https://openalex.org/W4396654743","https://openalex.org/W4400053489","https://openalex.org/W4400280364","https://openalex.org/W4402158530","https://openalex.org/W4402576468","https://openalex.org/W4404738562","https://openalex.org/W4404797746","https://openalex.org/W4411086204"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Living":[0],"architectures,":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3],"beehives":[4],"and":[5,66,78,103,171,177,219,244],"ant":[6],"bridges,":[7],"adapt":[8],"continuously":[9],"to":[10,26,28,72,75,142,164,168,195],"their":[11],"environments":[12],"through":[13],"self-organization":[14],"of":[15,58,88,91],"swarming":[16],"agents.":[17],"In":[18,51,152],"contrast,":[19],"most":[20],"human-made":[21],"architecture":[22,241],"remains":[23],"static,":[24],"unable":[25],"respond":[27,141],"changing":[29],"climates":[30],"or":[31],"occupant":[32],"needs.":[33],"Despite":[34],"advances":[35],"in":[36,48,179,188],"biomimicry":[37],"within":[38],"architecture,":[39],"architectural":[40,59,70,123,232],"systems":[41,61,113],"still":[42],"lack":[43],"the":[44,56,83,160,215,236],"self-organizing":[45],"dynamics":[46],"found":[47],"natural":[49],"swarms.":[50],"this":[52],"work,":[53],"we":[54],"introduce":[55],"concept":[57,89],"swarms:":[60],"that":[62,114,214],"integrate":[63],"swarm":[64,124,146],"intelligence":[65],"robotics":[67],"into":[68,110],"modular":[69],"fa\u00e7ades":[71],"enable":[73],"responsiveness":[74],"environmental":[76],"conditions":[77],"human":[79,196],"preferences.":[80],"We":[81,126],"present":[82],"Swarm":[84,228],"Garden,":[85],"a":[86,119,145,153,199,203,209],"proof":[87],"composed":[90],"robotic":[92],"modules":[93],"called":[94],"SGbots.":[95],"Each":[96],"SGbot":[97],"features":[98],"buckling-sheet":[99],"actuation,":[100],"sensing,":[101],"computation,":[102],"wireless":[104],"communication.":[105],"SGbots":[106,140,193],"can":[107,234],"be":[108],"networked":[109],"reconfigurable":[111],"spatial":[112],"exhibit":[115],"collective":[116],"behavior,":[117],"forming":[118],"testbed":[120],"for":[121,242],"exploring":[122],"applications.":[125,246],"demonstrate":[127],"two":[128],"application":[129],"case":[130],"studies.":[131],"The":[132,182,227],"first":[133],"explores":[134,185],"adaptive":[135],"shading":[136],"using":[137,144],"self-organization,":[138],"where":[139],"sunlight":[143],"controller":[147],"based":[148],"on":[149,156],"opinion":[150],"dynamics.":[151],"16-SGbot":[154],"deployment":[155],"an":[157],"office":[158],"window,":[159],"system":[161,216],"adapted":[162],"effectively":[163],"sunlight,":[165],"showing":[166],"robustness":[167],"sensor":[169],"failures":[170],"different":[172],"climates.":[173],"Simulations":[174],"demonstrated":[175],"scalability":[176],"tunability":[178],"larger":[180],"spaces.":[181],"second":[183],"study":[184],"creative":[186,245],"expression":[187],"interior":[189],"design,":[190],"with":[191,222],"36":[192],"responding":[194],"interaction":[197],"during":[198],"public":[200],"exhibition,":[201],"including":[202],"live":[204],"dance":[205],"performance":[206],"mediated":[207],"by":[208],"wearable":[210],"device.":[211],"Results":[212],"show":[213],"was":[217],"engaging":[218],"visually":[220],"compelling,":[221],"96%":[223],"positive":[224],"attendee":[225],"sentiments.":[226],"Garden":[229],"exemplifies":[230],"how":[231],"swarms":[233],"transform":[235],"built":[237],"environment,":[238],"enabling":[239],"\"living-like\"":[240],"functional":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-23T00:00:00"}
