{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410553595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adw7660","title":"Physical control: A new avenue to achieve intelligence in soft robotics","display_name":"Physical control: A new avenue to achieve intelligence in soft robotics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410553595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adw7660","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40397721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.adw7660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adw7660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/765867","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013363595","display_name":"Edoardo Milana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3389-3039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Milana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT\u2014Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT\u2014Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050239145","display_name":"Cosimo Della Santina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-1134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["DE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cosimo Della Santina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands","Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen 82234, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen 82234, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019945050","display_name":"Benjamin Gorissen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-7610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Gorissen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016447319","display_name":"Philipp Rothemund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0588-6993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Rothemund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Adaptive Mechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Adaptive Mechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013363595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99041267,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"102","first_page":"eadw7660","last_page":"eadw7660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.6907891035079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.6704959869384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6151512861251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5689793229103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.518860936164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.49378547072410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials","display_name":"Soft materials","score":0.4476979672908783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43832308053970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.36381882429122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33821970224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.317192018032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.21087515354156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10786131024360657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.6907891035079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.6704959869384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6151512861251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5689793229103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.518860936164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49378547072410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982836594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144","display_name":"Soft materials","level":2,"score":0.4476979672908783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43832308053970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.36381882429122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33821970224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.317192018032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.21087515354156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10786131024360657}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.adw7660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adw7660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40397721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40397721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science robotics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/765867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/765867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics, vol. 10 (102), Art.No. eadw7660","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:freidok.uni-freiburg.de:266550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/266550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401057","display_name":"FreiDok plus (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","host_organization_name":"University of Freiburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science robotics. - 10, 102 (2025) , adw7660, ISSN: 2470-9476","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/765867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/765867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics, vol. 10 (102), Art.No. eadw7660","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2791239448","https://openalex.org/W2924252827","https://openalex.org/W2944806635","https://openalex.org/W3129294316","https://openalex.org/W3158837367","https://openalex.org/W3204719635","https://openalex.org/W4213086151","https://openalex.org/W4284969832","https://openalex.org/W4377088323","https://openalex.org/W4383499736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326585759","https://openalex.org/W4312473168","https://openalex.org/W3134474396","https://openalex.org/W4211124276","https://openalex.org/W1515749184","https://openalex.org/W4367041227","https://openalex.org/W4285221039","https://openalex.org/W3104152360","https://openalex.org/W3164201927","https://openalex.org/W4312269480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"control":[1],"embodies":[2],"motion":[3],"intelligence":[4],"in":[5],"soft":[6],"robots":[7],"via":[8],"self-regulating":[9],"oscillations,":[10],"sequences,":[11],"and":[12],"reactions.":[13]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
