{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404789488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067","title":"Coordinated behavior of autonomous microscopic machines through local electronic pulse coupling","display_name":"Coordinated behavior of autonomous microscopic machines through local electronic pulse coupling","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404789488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39602516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067","pdf_url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003585659","display_name":"Milad Taghavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-0603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milad Taghavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392244","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2824-7518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113457988","display_name":"Kwan-Shik Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0250-3483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyubum Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943940","display_name":"Jinsong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066126591","display_name":"Itai Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-043X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Itai Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Design Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054944871","display_name":"Alyssa Apsel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9199-2292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alyssa Apsel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003585659","https://openalex.org/A5100392244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6218,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68574248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"96","first_page":"eadn8067","last_page":"eadn8067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7080696821212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6557722687721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6133362650871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscale-chemistry","display_name":"Microscale chemistry","score":0.6011333465576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior","display_name":"Collective behavior","score":0.4760843813419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluidics","display_name":"Fluidics","score":0.470069944858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4680347740650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4447345733642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4411133825778961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.4208201766014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.41202110052108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35285484790802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3510253429412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.23358887434005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16867193579673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16782939434051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13916516304016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.13667619228363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11670589447021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.09907850623130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09371274709701538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7080696821212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6557722687721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6133362650871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179428855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069216","display_name":"Microscale chemistry","level":2,"score":0.6011333465576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100339178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2548752","display_name":"Collective behavior","level":2,"score":0.4760843813419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185571","display_name":"Fluidics","level":2,"score":0.470069944858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4680347740650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4447345733642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4411133825778961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4208201766014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.41202110052108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35285484790802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3510253429412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23358887434005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16867193579673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16782939434051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13916516304016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.13667619228363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11670589447021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09907850623130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09371274709701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067","pdf_url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39602516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39602516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science robotics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067","pdf_url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/scirobotics.adn8067?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404789488.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979723177","https://openalex.org/W1992002207","https://openalex.org/W2047706052","https://openalex.org/W2070450237","https://openalex.org/W2080442991","https://openalex.org/W2091937038","https://openalex.org/W2116018778","https://openalex.org/W2139942907","https://openalex.org/W2142875089","https://openalex.org/W2154953441","https://openalex.org/W2160643434","https://openalex.org/W2164727176","https://openalex.org/W2168046319","https://openalex.org/W2506515598","https://openalex.org/W2785110060","https://openalex.org/W2803758081","https://openalex.org/W2909786483","https://openalex.org/W2977259435","https://openalex.org/W3081259278","https://openalex.org/W3138736456","https://openalex.org/W4211033363","https://openalex.org/W4281477556","https://openalex.org/W4296564599","https://openalex.org/W4323825295","https://openalex.org/W4368347474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979808816","https://openalex.org/W2378045033","https://openalex.org/W2465699412","https://openalex.org/W2381864073","https://openalex.org/W2092867183","https://openalex.org/W4286285965","https://openalex.org/W1565353949","https://openalex.org/W2344770014","https://openalex.org/W2184236617","https://openalex.org/W2386299817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasingly":[0],"functional":[1],"microscopic":[2,32,65,161],"machines":[3,33],"are":[4],"poised":[5],"to":[6,36,40,98,122,132,158,177,181],"have":[7],"massive":[8],"technical":[9],"influence":[10],"in":[11,160],"areas":[12],"including":[13],"targeted":[14],"drug":[15],"delivery,":[16],"precise":[17],"surgical":[18],"interventions,":[19],"and":[20],"environmental":[21],"remediation.":[22],"Such":[23],"functionalities":[24,159],"would":[25],"increase":[26],"markedly":[27],"if":[28],"collections":[29],"of":[30,62,169,184],"these":[31],"were":[34,130,144,165],"able":[35],"coordinate":[37],"their":[38,100,151],"function":[39],"achieve":[41],"cooperative":[42,128,182],"emergent":[43],"behaviors.":[44],"Implementing":[45],"such":[46,81],"coordination,":[47],"however,":[48],"requires":[49],"a":[50,77],"scalable":[51,82],"strategy":[52,119],"for":[53,58,80],"synchronization-a":[54],"key":[55],"stumbling":[56],"block":[57],"achieving":[59],"collective":[60],"behaviors":[61,129],"multiple":[63],"autonomous":[64],"units.":[66],"Here,":[67],"we":[68,85],"show":[69],"that":[70,94,117,134,164],"pulse-coupled":[71],"complementary":[72],"metal-oxide":[73],"semiconductor":[74],"oscillators":[75,143],"offer":[76],"tangible":[78],"solution":[79],"synchronization.":[83,137],"Specifically,":[84],"designed":[86],"low-power":[87],"oscillating":[88],"modules":[89],"with":[90,109],"attached":[91],"mechanical":[92],"elements":[93],"exchange":[95],"electronic":[96],"pulses":[97],"advance":[99,154],"neighbor's":[101],"phase":[102],"until":[103],"the":[104,110,136,146,156,188],"entire":[105],"system":[106],"is":[107,120],"synchronized":[108,149],"fastest":[111],"oscillator":[112,124],"or":[113],"\"leader.\"":[114],"We":[115],"showed":[116],"this":[118],"amenable":[121],"different":[123],"connection":[125],"topologies.":[126],"The":[127],"robust":[131],"disturbances":[133],"scrambled":[135],"In":[138],"addition,":[139],"when":[140],"connections":[141],"between":[142],"severed,":[145],"resulting":[147],"subgroups":[148],"on":[150],"own.":[152],"This":[153],"opens":[155],"door":[157],"robot":[162],"swarms":[163],"once":[166],"considered":[167],"out":[168],"reach,":[170],"ranging":[171],"from":[172],"autonomously":[173],"induced":[174],"fluidic":[175],"transport":[176],"drive":[178],"chemical":[179],"reactions":[180],"building":[183],"physical":[185],"structures":[186],"at":[187],"microscale.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
