{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208193362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abj7200","title":"Robotic end-to-end fusion of microtubules powered by kinesin","display_name":"Robotic end-to-end fusion of microtubules powered by kinesin","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208193362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abj7200","mag":"3208193362","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34731025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abj7200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abj7200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038115554","display_name":"Gadiel Saper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-7977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gadiel Saper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-7977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091194744","display_name":"Stanislav Tsitkov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav Tsitkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088911087","display_name":"Parag Katira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-5117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parag Katira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046262681","display_name":"Henry Hess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5617-606X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henry Hess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5617-606X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046262681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6853811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"60","first_page":"eabj7200","last_page":"eabj7200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10492","display_name":"Microtubule and mitosis dynamics","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinesin","display_name":"Kinesin","score":0.8420106172561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microtubule","display_name":"Microtubule","score":0.688118577003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanorobotics","display_name":"Nanorobotics","score":0.6234803199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.5410605072975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-motor","display_name":"Molecular motor","score":0.5191382765769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.33284831047058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.0992942750453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology","display_name":"Cell biology","score":0.09522756934165955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59006786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15319390","display_name":"Kinesin","level":3,"score":0.8420106172561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20418707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189933","display_name":"Microtubule","level":2,"score":0.688118577003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187911381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587024","display_name":"Nanorobotics","level":2,"score":0.6234803199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5410605072975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160408235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423905","display_name":"Molecular motor","level":2,"score":0.5191382765769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33284831047058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0992942750453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.09522756934165955}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001669","descriptor_name":"Biochemical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001669","descriptor_name":"Biochemical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001669","descriptor_name":"Biochemical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004331","descriptor_name":"Drosophila melanogaster","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004331","descriptor_name":"Drosophila melanogaster","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004331","descriptor_name":"Drosophila melanogaster","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008870","descriptor_name":"Microtubules","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008870","descriptor_name":"Microtubules","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008870","descriptor_name":"Microtubules","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008870","descriptor_name":"Microtubules","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008870","descriptor_name":"Microtubules","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008870","descriptor_name":"Microtubules","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012235","descriptor_name":"Rhodamines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012235","descriptor_name":"Rhodamines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012235","descriptor_name":"Rhodamines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012270","descriptor_name":"Ribosomes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012270","descriptor_name":"Ribosomes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012270","descriptor_name":"Ribosomes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016547","descriptor_name":"Kinesins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016547","descriptor_name":"Kinesins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016547","descriptor_name":"Kinesins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abj7200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abj7200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34731025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34731025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science robotics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503265874","https://openalex.org/W1600011641","https://openalex.org/W1803436399","https://openalex.org/W1968812071","https://openalex.org/W1969682233","https://openalex.org/W1972788709","https://openalex.org/W1973681513","https://openalex.org/W1979963953","https://openalex.org/W1982636603","https://openalex.org/W1984108094","https://openalex.org/W1992999584","https://openalex.org/W1993933078","https://openalex.org/W2004890767","https://openalex.org/W2015799454","https://openalex.org/W2015931928","https://openalex.org/W2025201224","https://openalex.org/W2029058516","https://openalex.org/W2042937910","https://openalex.org/W2046356064","https://openalex.org/W2047904585","https://openalex.org/W2056707942","https://openalex.org/W2058164671","https://openalex.org/W2067340165","https://openalex.org/W2068031778","https://openalex.org/W2069048230","https://openalex.org/W2076695032","https://openalex.org/W2079635608","https://openalex.org/W2116024287","https://openalex.org/W2123856513","https://openalex.org/W2124730634","https://openalex.org/W2131426448","https://openalex.org/W2131740634","https://openalex.org/W2305616423","https://openalex.org/W2319984594","https://openalex.org/W2320916660","https://openalex.org/W2321206478","https://openalex.org/W2325518962","https://openalex.org/W2329426071","https://openalex.org/W2331165568","https://openalex.org/W2495666246","https://openalex.org/W2555587815","https://openalex.org/W2599162928","https://openalex.org/W2735552308","https://openalex.org/W2756006813","https://openalex.org/W2758144562","https://openalex.org/W2759393824","https://openalex.org/W2770984632","https://openalex.org/W2773272003","https://openalex.org/W2787690100","https://openalex.org/W2793971681","https://openalex.org/W2794584705","https://openalex.org/W2795517941","https://openalex.org/W2898636715","https://openalex.org/W2904272462","https://openalex.org/W2947592525","https://openalex.org/W2948979661","https://openalex.org/W2949895405","https://openalex.org/W2953105096","https://openalex.org/W2954844657","https://openalex.org/W2964723197","https://openalex.org/W2982223312","https://openalex.org/W2991758999","https://openalex.org/W3003754333","https://openalex.org/W3036249491","https://openalex.org/W3124900165","https://openalex.org/W3186545145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963863239","https://openalex.org/W2594034871","https://openalex.org/W2028375545","https://openalex.org/W1974345291","https://openalex.org/W2064422190","https://openalex.org/W2996393376","https://openalex.org/W2017522528","https://openalex.org/W2923931907","https://openalex.org/W2041499140","https://openalex.org/W2978085479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"active":[1],"assembly":[2,71,161],"of":[3,16,87,97,106,112,167],"molecules":[4],"by":[5,33,56,72,169],"nanorobots":[6,186],"has":[7],"advanced":[8],"greatly":[9],"since":[10],"\u201cmolecular":[11],"manufacturing\u201d\u2014that":[12],"is,":[13],"the":[14,35,40,53,84,95,98,110,137,142,151,155,163,179],"use":[15,188],"nanoscale":[17,197],"tools":[18],"to":[19,26,47,52,67,127,181,191],"build":[20],"molecular":[21,43,189],"structures\u2014was":[22],"proposed.":[23],"In":[24,125],"contrast":[25,126],"a":[27,31,49,64,77,92,103,123,131],"catalyst,":[28],"which":[29,108],"accelerates":[30],"reaction":[32,41,50],"smoothing":[34],"potential":[36],"energy":[37,46],"surface":[38,93],"along":[39],"coordinate,":[42],"machines":[44,190],"expend":[45],"accelerate":[48,68,196],"relative":[51],"baseline":[54],"provided":[55],"thermal":[57],"motion":[58],"and":[59,76,140,148,195],"forces.":[60],"Here,":[61],"we":[62],"design":[63],"nanorobotics":[65],"system":[66,146],"end-to-end":[69,113],"microtubule":[70,114],"using":[73],"kinesin":[74],"motors":[75],"circular":[78],"confining":[79,99],"chamber.":[80],"We":[81],"show":[82],"that":[83,187],"mechanical":[85],"interaction":[86],"kinesin-propelled":[88],"microtubules":[89,120],"gliding":[90,121],"on":[91,122],"with":[94,119],"walls":[96],"chamber":[100],"results":[101],"in":[102,154,178],"nonequilibrium":[104,132,193],"distribution":[105,133],"microtubules,":[107],"increases":[109],"number":[111],"fusion":[115],"events":[116],"20-fold":[117],"compared":[118],"plane.":[124],"earlier":[128],"nanorobots,":[129],"where":[130],"was":[134],"built":[135],"into":[136],"initial":[138],"state":[139,157],"drove":[141],"process,":[143],"our":[144],"nanorobotic":[145],"creates":[147],"actively":[149],"maintains":[150],"building":[152],"blocks":[153],"concentrated":[156],"responsible":[158],"for":[159],"accelerated":[160],"through":[162],"adenosine":[164],"triphosphate\u2013fueled":[165],"generation":[166],"force":[168],"kinesin-1":[170],"motor":[171],"proteins.":[172],"This":[173],"approach":[174],"can":[175],"be":[176],"used":[177],"future":[180],"develop":[182],"biohybrid":[183],"or":[184],"bioinspired":[185],"access":[192],"states":[194],"assembly.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
