{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137533805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abh0286","title":"Neutrobots smuggle drugs across biological barriers","display_name":"Neutrobots smuggle drugs across biological barriers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137533805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abh0286","mag":"3137533805","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34043554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abh0286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abh0286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005852468","display_name":"Junsun Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-8379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsun Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea","Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-8379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049946358","display_name":"Hongsoo Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3613-2833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongsoo Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea","Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea","Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3613-2833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049946358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76272708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"52","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10407","display_name":"Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.5044695138931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery","display_name":"Drug delivery","score":0.4251294732093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood\u2013brain-barrier","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","score":0.4137047529220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33162498474121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3315575420856476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.21922990679740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.18333733081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1724052131175995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.09511393308639526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5044695138931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.4251294732093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.4137047529220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33162498474121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3315575420856476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.21922990679740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.18333733081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1724052131175995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.09511393308639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abh0286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abh0286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34043554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34043554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science robotics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139101942","https://openalex.org/W2168046319","https://openalex.org/W2405505865","https://openalex.org/W2748587076","https://openalex.org/W2791578198","https://openalex.org/W2903524854","https://openalex.org/W2907653759","https://openalex.org/W3037121200","https://openalex.org/W3112742959","https://openalex.org/W3139297731","https://openalex.org/W4231118855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1489783725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neutrophil-based":[0],"microrobots":[1],"accomplish":[2],"the":[3,7],"mission":[4],"of":[5],"crossing":[6],"blood-brain":[8],"barrier":[9],"for":[10],"targeted":[11],"drug":[12],"delivery.":[13]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}