{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2609451481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aam8986","title":"Toward site-specific and self-sufficient robotic fabrication on architectural scales","display_name":"Toward site-specific and self-sufficient robotic fabrication on architectural scales","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2609451481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aam8986","mag":"2609451481","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33157892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aam8986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aam8986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110503557","display_name":"Steven J. Keating","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven J. Keating","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016968687","display_name":"Julian C. Leland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian C. Leland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036916741","display_name":"Levi Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1707-305X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Levi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041990597","display_name":"Neri Oxman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-4447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neri Oxman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041990597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.5875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":243,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99697616,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dome","display_name":"Dome (geology)","score":0.6285167336463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.5053966045379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.46862366795539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4656316637992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.44483935832977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.44458502531051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3742368817329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.35994333028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34076988697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.30350053310394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29012179374694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.18698576092720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1330084502696991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07507741451263428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189092281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3236743","display_name":"Dome (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6285167336463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.5053966045379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.46862366795539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4656316637992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.44483935832977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.44458502531051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3742368817329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.35994333028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34076988697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30350053310394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29012179374694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.18698576092720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1330084502696991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07507741451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aam8986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aam8986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213233","display_name":"Science Robotics","issn_l":"2470-9476","issn":["2470-9476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33157892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33157892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science robotics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G115576041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"award300544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","funder_display_name":"Google"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1672068380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6933535","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","funder_display_name":"Google"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14211862","https://openalex.org/W77898624","https://openalex.org/W183824695","https://openalex.org/W1564893732","https://openalex.org/W1934788716","https://openalex.org/W1965277474","https://openalex.org/W1995859700","https://openalex.org/W2019942147","https://openalex.org/W2030488271","https://openalex.org/W2036613575","https://openalex.org/W2039157407","https://openalex.org/W2053675209","https://openalex.org/W2083421359","https://openalex.org/W2093311332","https://openalex.org/W2105556873","https://openalex.org/W2138664833","https://openalex.org/W2159646763","https://openalex.org/W2164288388","https://openalex.org/W2164852838","https://openalex.org/W2177549413","https://openalex.org/W2295977886","https://openalex.org/W2410639023","https://openalex.org/W2412903523","https://openalex.org/W2461287323","https://openalex.org/W2486764282","https://openalex.org/W2503299386","https://openalex.org/W2523483446","https://openalex.org/W2578978590","https://openalex.org/W2616481831","https://openalex.org/W2616874797","https://openalex.org/W2755798765","https://openalex.org/W3122412888","https://openalex.org/W4249607450","https://openalex.org/W4388643946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2496310356","https://openalex.org/W2780108937","https://openalex.org/W2048009773","https://openalex.org/W2121259868","https://openalex.org/W2140834465","https://openalex.org/W1842640819","https://openalex.org/W4376118324","https://openalex.org/W3133319229","https://openalex.org/W983888663","https://openalex.org/W2329486400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contemporary":[0],"construction":[1,41,135,141],"techniques":[2,136],"are":[3],"slow,":[4],"labor-intensive,":[5],"dangerous,":[6],"expensive,":[7],"and":[8,69,95,129,137,151,155,165,168],"constrained":[9],"to":[10,28],"primarily":[11],"rectilinear":[12],"forms,":[13],"often":[14],"resulting":[15],"in":[16,131,145],"homogenous":[17],"structures":[18,50],"built":[19],"using":[20,51],"materials":[21],"sourced":[22],"from":[23,90],"centralized":[24],"factories.":[25],"To":[26],"begin":[27],"address":[29],"these":[30],"issues,":[31],"we":[32],"present":[33],"the":[34,98,166],"Digital":[35],"Construction":[36],"Platform":[37],"(DCP),":[38],"an":[39],"automated":[40],"system":[42,59,65,126],"capable":[43],"of":[44,48,61,67,170],"customized":[45],"on-site":[46],"fabrication":[47,119],"architectural-scale":[49],"real-time":[52],"environmental":[53],"data":[54],"for":[55,83,179],"process":[56],"control.":[57],"The":[58,124],"consists":[60],"a":[62,75,101,104,118],"compound":[63],"arm":[64],"composed":[66],"hydraulic":[68],"electric":[70],"robotic":[71],"arms":[72],"carried":[73],"on":[74,115],"tracked":[76],"mobile":[77],"platform.":[78],"An":[79],"additive":[80],"manufacturing":[81],"technique":[82],"constructing":[84],"insulated":[85],"formwork":[86,109],"with":[87,97,117,133,175],"gradient":[88],"properties":[89],"dynamic":[91],"mixing":[92],"was":[93,111,127],"developed":[94],"implemented":[96],"DCP.":[99],"As":[100],"case":[102],"study,":[103],"14.6-m-diameter,":[105],"3.7-m-tall":[106],"open":[107],"dome":[108],"structure":[110],"successfully":[112],"additively":[113],"manufactured":[114],"site":[116],"time":[120],"under":[121],"13.5":[122],"hours.":[123],"DCP":[125],"characterized":[128],"evaluated":[130],"comparison":[132],"traditional":[134],"existing":[138],"large-scale":[139],"digital":[140],"research":[142],"projects.":[143],"Benefits":[144],"safety,":[146],"quality,":[147],"customization,":[148],"speed,":[149],"cost,":[150],"functionality":[152],"were":[153],"identified":[154],"reported":[156],"upon.":[157],"Early":[158],"exploratory":[159],"steps":[160],"toward":[161],"self-sufficiency-including":[162],"photovoltaic":[163],"charging":[164],"sourcing":[167],"use":[169],"local":[171],"materials-are":[172],"discussed":[173],"along":[174],"proposed":[176],"future":[177],"applications":[178],"autonomous":[180],"construction.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
