{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232649261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0000531","title":"Ball sensor rattle: Experimental and numerical sensitivity study for seatbelt applications","display_name":"Ball sensor rattle: Experimental and numerical sensitivity study for seatbelt applications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232649261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0000531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1121/2.0000531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0000531","pdf_url":"https://asa.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1121/2.0000531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523472","display_name":"Proceedings of meetings on acoustics","issn_l":"1939-800X","issn":["1939-800X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://asa.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1121/2.0000531","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032917956","display_name":"Kai-Ulrich Machens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103260","display_name":"Joyson Safety Systems (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01chd1z63","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103260","https://openalex.org/I4210105244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887702905","display_name":"TRW Automotive (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jzgmh92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887702905"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Ulrich Johannes Machens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Occupant Safety Systems, ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, D-70193, GERMANY; [email\u00a0protected];","Occupant Safety Systems, ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, D-70193, GERMANY","[email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Occupant Safety Systems, ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, D-70193, GERMANY; [email\u00a0protected];","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103260"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Occupant Safety Systems, ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, D-70193, GERMANY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887702905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085829166","display_name":"Jens Neumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115888","display_name":"TRW Automotive (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8awh30","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115888","https://openalex.org/I887702905"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, OSS, Alfdorf, GERMANY; [email\u00a0protected]","[email\u00a0protected]","ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, OSS, Alfdorf, GERMANY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, OSS, Alfdorf, GERMANY; [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, OSS, Alfdorf, GERMANY","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020695861","display_name":"Jens Scholz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-1867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115888","display_name":"TRW Automotive (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8awh30","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115888","https://openalex.org/I887702905"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Scholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, OSS, Alfdorf, GERMANY; [email\u00a0protected]","ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, OSS, Alfdorf, GERMANY","[email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, OSS, Alfdorf, GERMANY; [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZF TRW Active & Passive Safety Technology, OSS, Alfdorf, GERMANY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068667393","display_name":"Marian Markiewicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115168","display_name":"Novel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0264gwr07","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115168"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marian Markiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novicos GmbH, Hamburg, GERMANY;","Novicos GmbH, Hamburg, GERMANY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novicos GmbH, Hamburg, GERMANY;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novicos GmbH, Hamburg, GERMANY","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70759045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"065002","last_page":"065002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11372","display_name":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11372","display_name":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12759","display_name":"Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12907","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6736241579055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.5785490870475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.4881823658943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ball","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","score":0.45402249693870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lever","display_name":"Lever","score":0.44912245869636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4164828062057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shaker","display_name":"Shaker","score":0.4159204363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.410988986492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.38459157943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3420047163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31033259630203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.1185978353023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.10142505168914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08506599068641663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6736241579055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.5785490870475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.4881823658943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122041747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838611","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45402249693870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107524782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40164","display_name":"Lever","level":2,"score":0.44912245869636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4164828062057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898872","display_name":"Shaker","level":3,"score":0.4159204363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.410988986492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.38459157943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3420047163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31033259630203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1185978353023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.10142505168914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08506599068641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1121/2.0000531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0000531","pdf_url":"https://asa.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1121/2.0000531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523472","display_name":"Proceedings of meetings on acoustics","issn_l":"1939-800X","issn":["1939-800X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1121/2.0000531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0000531","pdf_url":"https://asa.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1121/2.0000531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523472","display_name":"Proceedings of meetings on acoustics","issn_l":"1939-800X","issn":["1939-800X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903064781","https://openalex.org/W2353095874","https://openalex.org/W1556766557","https://openalex.org/W1995325449","https://openalex.org/W2073727264","https://openalex.org/W2350405619","https://openalex.org/W2801256953","https://openalex.org/W2366114765","https://openalex.org/W2383478763","https://openalex.org/W4289533055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"ball":[1,79,155],"sensor,":[2],"part":[3],"of":[4,43,89,128,131,172,190],"virtually":[5],"any":[6],"seatbelt":[7],"retractor,":[8],"is":[9,49,121],"investigated":[10],"experimentally":[11],"and":[12,86,109,134,140,156],"by":[13,51,77],"numerical":[14],"simulation":[15],"to":[16,39,169,174,187,193],"predict":[17],"its":[18],"acoustical":[19],"behavior":[20],"under":[21],"vertical":[22],"excitation.":[23],"Impact":[24],"forces":[25],"among":[26],"mating":[27],"surfaces":[28],"are":[29,60,75,105,110],"computed":[30],"with":[31,69,107],"flexible":[32],"multibody":[33],"system":[34],"analysis,":[35,126],"employing":[36],"Craig-Bampton":[37],"modes":[38],"approximate":[40],"the":[41,52,83,90,93,100,114,129],"vibrations":[42],"acoustically":[44],"relevant":[45],"substructures.":[46],"Acoustic":[47],"radiation":[48],"determined":[50],"boundary":[53],"element":[54],"method.":[55],"Two":[56],"distinct":[57],"rattle":[58,180],"plateaus":[59,74],"identified":[61],"on":[62,92],"a":[63,194],"test":[64],"rig":[65],"via":[66],"acceleration-amplitude":[67],"ramp-ups":[68],"harmonic":[70],"base":[71],"frequency.":[72],"These":[73],"caused":[76],"(i)":[78],"lift-off":[80],"bouncing":[81],"against":[82],"sensor":[84,132,136,141,154],"cradle":[85,157],"(ii)":[87],"impact":[88],"lever":[91],"clutch":[94],"disk.":[95],"The":[96,176],"dominant":[97],"peaks":[98],"in":[99],"sound":[101],"pressure":[102],"spectrum":[103],"(SPL)":[104],"associated":[106],"system-eigenmodes":[108],"therefore":[111],"independent":[112],"from":[113],"excitation":[115,120,138],"as":[116,118],"long":[117],"this":[119],"strong":[122],"enough.":[123],"On":[124],"sensitivity":[125],"variation":[127],"stiffness":[130,152],"housing":[133],"lever,":[135],"gap,":[137],"frequency":[139,162],"mass":[142],"does":[143],"not":[144],"cause":[145],"significant":[146],"SPL":[147,159],"reduction.":[148],"Conversely,":[149],"changing":[150],"contact":[151],"between":[153],"reduces":[158],"within":[160],"certain":[161],"bands.":[163],"This":[164],"observation":[165],"warrants":[166],"further":[167],"research":[168],"improve":[170],"robustness":[171],"retractors":[173],"rattle.":[175],"methodology":[177],"presented":[178],"predicts":[179],"induced":[181],"noise":[182],"reliably,":[183],"providing":[184],"new":[185],"impetus":[186],"take":[188],"optimization":[189],"retractor":[191],"design":[192],"higher":[195],"level.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}