{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996794251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.465290","title":"<title>Robust image watermarking scheme resilient to desynchronization attacks</title>","display_name":"<title>Robust image watermarking scheme resilient to desynchronization attacks</title>","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996794251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.465290","mag":"1996794251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.465290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.465290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020010331","display_name":"Changryoul Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changryoul Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang Univ. (South Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang Univ. (South Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018642097","display_name":"Jechang Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3759-3116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jechang Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang Univ. (South Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang Univ. (South Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4675","issue":null,"first_page":"323","last_page":"333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8707845211029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.8456780314445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.6213894486427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.6083443760871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5943974256515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5764739513397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5220389366149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.514835774898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.475604385137558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4578936696052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37371355295181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2993611693382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21051323413848877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8707845211029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.8456780314445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.6213894486427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.6083443760871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5943974256515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5764739513397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5220389366149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.514835774898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.475604385137558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4578936696052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37371355295181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2993611693382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21051323413848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.465290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.465290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Desynchronization":[0],"attacks":[1,67,112],"have":[2],"been":[3,14],"a":[4,15,34,104,138,144,173],"particularly":[5,108],"serious":[6],"threat":[7],"to":[8,18,29,56,63,74,110,136,142],"watermarking":[9,106],"applications.":[10],"Therefore,":[11],"there":[12],"has":[13,54,81],"concerted":[16],"effort":[17],"solve":[19,119],"this":[20,79,100],"problem.":[21],"It":[22],"was":[23],"Martin":[24],"Kutter":[25],"who":[26],"first":[27],"proposed":[28],"use":[30,137],"watermark":[31,116],"itself":[32],"as":[33,85],"tool":[35],"for":[36],"estimating":[37],"the":[38,48,69,96,115,124,128,151,164,170],"affine":[39,177],"transform":[40,66,178],"parameters":[41],"by":[42,113],"its":[43],"periodicity,":[44],"what":[45],"is":[46,61,71],"called":[47],"self-reference":[49,125],"scheme.":[50,126],"His":[51],"brilliant":[52],"idea":[53],"led":[55],"many":[57],"variations.":[58],"This":[59],"scheme":[60,80,107],"resistant":[62],"general":[64],"geometric":[65],"and":[68,89,147,176],"'reference'":[70],"more":[72],"difficult":[73],"destroy":[75],"than":[76],"templates.":[77],"However,":[78],"some":[82],"drawbacks":[83],"such":[84],"relatively":[86],"low":[87,131],"capacity":[88],"high":[90,155],"computational":[91,156],"complexity,":[92,157],"especially":[93],"in":[94,162,183],"calculating":[95,163],"autocorrelation":[97,165],"function.":[98,166],"In":[99],"paper,":[101],"we":[102,134,158,168],"propose":[103,135],"robust":[105],"resilient":[109],"desynchronization":[111],"embedding":[114],"periodically.":[117],"We":[118],"these":[120],"two":[121],"problems":[122],"of":[123,130,154,172],"For":[127,150],"problem":[129,153],"channel":[132],"capacity,":[133],"finite":[139],"field":[140],"sequence":[141],"partition":[143],"given":[145],"block":[146],"M-ary":[148],"modulation.":[149],"other":[152],"introduce":[159],"bit-wise":[160],"computations":[161],"Also,":[167],"separate":[169],"estimation":[171],"translation":[174],"factor":[175],"factors,":[179],"respectively,":[180],"which":[181],"results":[182],"performance":[184],"improvement.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}