{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031336857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.429499","title":"Perception of lightness of glossy surfaces","display_name":"Perception of lightness of glossy surfaces","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031336857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.429499","mag":"2031336857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.429499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.429499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013925237","display_name":"Ennio Mingolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2623-3438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ennio Mingolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston Univ. (United States)","[Boston University, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Boston University, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001915635","display_name":"James T. Todd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-8600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James T. Todd","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State Univ. (United States)","The Ohio State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059451364","display_name":"J. Farley Norman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-1914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","display_name":"Western Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/0446vnd56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Farley Norman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Kentucky Univ. (United States)","[Western Kentucky University, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Kentucky Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Western Kentucky University, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.687,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71663921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4299","issue":null,"first_page":"302","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achromatic-lens","display_name":"Achromatic lens","score":0.7866730690002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.7825355529785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.7466776371002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.7083595991134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-reflection","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","score":0.6191011667251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightness","display_name":"Lightness","score":0.5919450521469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gloss","display_name":"Gloss (optics)","score":0.5521131157875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5479287505149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.54616379737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.47361990809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43640390038490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3846161961555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.33296287059783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2814025282859802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121535716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340600","display_name":"Achromatic lens","level":2,"score":0.7866730690002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.7825355529785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.7466776371002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.7083595991134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82261727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154504","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","level":2,"score":0.6191011667251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193601281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19426","display_name":"Lightness","level":2,"score":0.5919450521469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143025027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900581","display_name":"Gloss (optics)","level":3,"score":0.5521131157875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5479287505149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.54616379737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.47361990809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43640390038490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3846161961555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33296287059783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2814025282859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.429499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.429499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252852984","https://openalex.org/W4252632443","https://openalex.org/W1998343317","https://openalex.org/W2981694765","https://openalex.org/W2524824712","https://openalex.org/W3012528496","https://openalex.org/W2400834965","https://openalex.org/W2080928380","https://openalex.org/W4319300257","https://openalex.org/W2514961321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"do":[1],"we":[2],"perceive":[3],"the":[4,47,72,75,79,87,90,96,104,123,131,146,199],"lightness":[5],"of":[6,9,26,29,36,41,50,61,74,84,86,89,95,107,145,167,174,181,192,198],"a":[7,15,34,39,51,113,118,172,178],"region":[8,114],"an":[10],"achromatic":[11],"curved":[12],"surface":[13],"containing":[14],"glossy":[16],"highlight":[17,76],".":[18],"We":[19,169],"manipulated":[20],"diffuse":[21,48,105,125],"and":[22,82,134],"specular":[23],"reflectance":[24,43,54,88,108,126],"components":[25,49],"computer-generated":[27],"displays":[28],"ellipsoid":[30],"surfaces.":[31],"Each":[32],"contained":[33],"pattern":[35,92],"patches":[37],"on":[38,190],"background":[40],"uniform":[42],"Observers":[44],"indicated":[45],"whether":[46],"test":[52,80],"patch's":[53],"appeared":[55],"higher":[56],"or":[57,187],"lower":[58],"than":[59,141,143],"that":[60,94,100,130,144,151,154],"other":[62,196],"patches,":[63,133],"which":[64],"had":[65],"identical":[66],"reflectances.":[67],"factors":[68],"affecting":[69],"performance":[70],"included":[71,175],"position":[73],"relative":[77],"to":[78,93,129,157,164],"patch,":[81],"degree":[83,166],"similarity":[85],"patch":[91],"background.":[97],"Results":[98,149],"demonstrate":[99],"observers":[101],"can":[102,184],"discriminate":[103],"component":[106],"even":[109],"when":[110],"luminance":[111],"in":[112,161,195],"is":[115,127,138],"perturbed":[116],"by":[117],"highlight.":[119],"Performance":[120],"improves":[121],"if":[122,136],"background's":[124],"close":[128],"standard":[132,147],"also":[135],"it":[137],"higher,":[139],"rather":[140],"lower,":[142],"patches.":[148],"suggest":[150],"visual":[152],"mechanisms":[153],"are":[155],"sensitive":[156],"iso-photes":[158],"compare":[159],"intensities":[160,183],"neighboring":[162],"regions,":[163],"assess":[165],"gloss.":[168],"conclude":[170],"with":[171],"demonstration":[173],"glossiness,":[176],"whereby":[177],"given":[179],"block":[180],"image":[182],"appear":[185],"shiny":[186],"dull,":[188],"depending":[189],"manipulations":[191],"intensity":[193],"values":[194],"parts":[197],"image.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
