{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891819460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2321672","title":"On-orbit validation of the geolocation accuracy of GOES-16 Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) flashes using ground-based laser beacons","display_name":"On-orbit validation of the geolocation accuracy of GOES-16 Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) flashes using ground-based laser beacons","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2891819460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2321672","mag":"2891819460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2321672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2321672","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Observing Systems XXIII","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20180006149/downloads/20180006149.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006036454","display_name":"Dennis E. Buechler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-6106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Buechler","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068524210","display_name":"Tom Varghese","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Varghese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybioms Corp. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybioms Corp. (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111381274","display_name":"Peter S. Armstrong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Armstrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Lab. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Lab. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025604583","display_name":"James Bremer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5654-198X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317239608","display_name":"Federal Reserve","ror":"https://ror.org/05fk5tr28","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Bremer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASRC Federal Holding Co. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASRC Federal Holding Co. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112656731","display_name":"Rivers Lamb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rivers Lamb","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037771086","display_name":"J. P. Fulbright","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124276","display_name":"Arctic Slope Regional (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/024jgsd53","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124276"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Fulbright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arctic Slope Tech Services (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arctic Slope Tech Services (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035013800","display_name":"Steven D. Goodman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-9320"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Goodman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thunderbolt Global Analytics (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thunderbolt Global Analytics (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006036454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4789,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.717532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"18","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.8273839950561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7172393798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.6663997173309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.6187583804130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5993690490722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","score":0.5161848664283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-operational-environmental-satellite","display_name":"Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite","score":0.4486154615879059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4349651634693146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4302329123020172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geosynchronous-orbit","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","score":0.4256203770637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.36266738176345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.358553946018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3174537420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28110045194625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2110113501548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19653794169425964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.8273839950561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7172393798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.6663997173309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.6187583804130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5993690490722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.5161848664283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104110773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976688","display_name":"Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite","level":3,"score":0.4486154615879059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4349651634693146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4302329123020172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.4256203770637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.36266738176345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.358553946018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3174537420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28110045194625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2110113501548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19653794169425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2321672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2321672","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Observing Systems XXIII","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20180006149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180006149","pdf_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20180006149/downloads/20180006149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"MSFC-E-DAA-TN59475"},{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20180006164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180006164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"MSFC-E-DAA-TN60429"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20180006149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180006149","pdf_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20180006149/downloads/20180006149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"MSFC-E-DAA-TN59475"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891819460.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972737579","https://openalex.org/W6643557089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952675445","https://openalex.org/W193087542","https://openalex.org/W3155967284","https://openalex.org/W2084271757","https://openalex.org/W2790492770","https://openalex.org/W808661277","https://openalex.org/W1656353921","https://openalex.org/W2054853325","https://openalex.org/W4385385640","https://openalex.org/W3002443663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"part":[1],"of":[2,7,53,64,106,128],"the":[3,12,18,50,65,82,86,95,99,107,125,129,134,139,142,147],"geolocation":[4,115,130],"accuracy":[5],"assessment":[6],"lightning":[8,44,79],"flashes":[9],"detected":[10,76],"by":[11,81,133],"Geostationary":[13],"Lightning":[14],"Mapper":[15],"(GLM)":[16],"on":[17,114],"GOES-16":[19,100,119],"and":[20,62,146],"GOES-17":[21],"satellites":[22],"(Geostationary":[23],"Operational":[24],"Environmental":[25],"Satellite),":[26],"two":[27],"satellite":[28,101],"laser":[29,33,96,120,149],"ranging":[30],"stations":[31],"employed":[32],"beacon":[34,121],"systems":[35,97],"to":[36,48,69,74,92,102],"generate":[37],"transient":[38],"light":[39],"pulses":[40],"that":[41],"simulate":[42],"natural":[43],"around":[45],"777.4":[46],"nm":[47],"validate":[49],"pre-launch":[51],"spec":[52],"5":[54,153],"km.":[55,154],"The":[56,117],"pulse":[57],"width,":[58],"repetition":[59],"rate,":[60],"wavelength,":[61],"power":[63],"laser-pulses":[66],"were":[67,151],"configured":[68],"produce":[70],"sufficient":[71],"instrument":[72],"response":[73],"be":[75],"as":[77],"synthetic":[78],"events":[80],"GLM":[83,108,143],"instrument.":[84],"During":[85],"testing":[87],"period":[88],"from":[89],"April":[90],"2017":[91],"January":[93],"2018,":[94],"illuminated":[98],"observe":[103],"diurnal":[104],"variation":[105],"system":[109],"response,":[110],"with":[111],"particular":[112],"emphasis":[113],"accuracy.":[116],"final":[118],"tests,":[122],"which":[123],"used":[124],"latest":[126],"updates":[127],"algorithms":[131],"implemented":[132],"GOES-R":[135],"Ground":[136],"Segment,":[137],"showed":[138],"offsets":[140],"between":[141],"geolocated":[144],"location":[145],"known":[148],"locations":[150],"within":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}