{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410609847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.34.3.033030","title":"COS-former: hierarchical fusion transformer for camouflaged object segmentation","display_name":"COS-former: hierarchical fusion transformer for camouflaged object segmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410609847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.34.3.033030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.jei.34.3.033030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.34.3.033030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104019651","display_name":"He Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084471344","display_name":"Wen Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-4384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362815","display_name":"Jiawei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-2629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114170774","display_name":"Mengjiao Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2822-6378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjiao Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102775896","display_name":"Yanchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9313-5815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084471344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13659658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"03","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9287999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6473494172096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6153183579444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5607464909553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5377753973007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5318842530250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5258066058158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.490460604429245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36747974157333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16259494423866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1432180106639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08690926432609558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6473494172096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6153183579444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5607464909553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5377753973007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5318842530250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5258066058158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.490460604429245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36747974157333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16259494423866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1432180106639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08690926432609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.jei.34.3.033030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.34.3.033030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5504165707","display_name":"\u7c7b\u4eba\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0e\u89e6\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"LY24F020010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6519066140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62006209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W2099421762","https://openalex.org/W2530546662","https://openalex.org/W2967030268","https://openalex.org/W2501551404","https://openalex.org/W4298131179","https://openalex.org/W2185253430","https://openalex.org/W2113201962","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Camouflaged":[0],"object":[1,49,128,149,156,167],"segmentation":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,57,78,159,204],"accurately":[5],"delineate":[6],"objects":[7,21],"that":[8,173],"are":[9],"seamlessly":[10],"integrated":[11],"into":[12,146],"their":[13],"surrounding":[14],"environment.":[15],"The":[16,169],"intrinsic":[17],"similarity":[18],"between":[19],"foreground":[20],"and":[22,59,127,129,151,198,208],"the":[23,91,97,111,180,189],"background":[24],"environment":[25],"poses":[26],"a":[27,44,66,74,116],"challenge":[28],"for":[29,47,162],"current":[30],"deep":[31],"models":[32],"in":[33],"extracting":[34],"distinctive":[35],"features.":[36,62],"To":[37,107],"address":[38],"this":[39],"issue,":[40],"we":[41,113],"have":[42,114],"introduced":[43],"Transformer":[45,76,88],"framework":[46],"camouflaged":[48],"segmentation,":[50],"known":[51],"as":[52],"COS-Former,":[53],"which":[54],"is":[55,202],"designed":[56],"extract":[58],"integrate":[60],"multilevel":[61,68,137],"Our":[63],"approach":[64],"utilizes":[65],"simple":[67],"feature":[69,105,117,124],"extraction":[70],"encoder":[71],"based":[72],"on":[73,135,179],"general":[75],"block":[77],"capture":[79],"global":[80,100],"context":[81],"information":[82],"learned":[83],"by":[84],"different":[85],"levels":[86],"of":[87,94,99,165,193],"blocks.":[89],"Leveraging":[90],"self-attention":[92],"mechanism":[93],"Transformers":[95],"enables":[96],"establishment":[98],"perception":[101],"while":[102],"retaining":[103],"local":[104],"information.":[106],"decode":[108],"features":[109,138,150,161],"from":[110,139],"Transformer,":[112],"developed":[115],"conversion":[118],"decoder":[119],"comprising":[120],"two":[121],"modules:":[122],"hierarchical":[123],"fusion":[125,131],"(HFF)":[126],"edge":[130,152,157],"(OEF).":[132],"HFF":[133],"focuses":[134],"integrating":[136],"each":[140],"transformer":[141],"layer,":[142],"whereas":[143],"OEF":[144],"takes":[145],"account":[147],"both":[148],"information,":[153],"incorporating":[154],"camouflage":[155,166],"supervision":[158],"enhance":[160],"improved":[163],"localization":[164],"edges.":[168],"experimental":[170],"results":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"our":[174],"model":[175],"achieves":[176],"competitive":[177],"performance":[178],"four":[181],"benchmark":[182],"datasets.":[183],"Compared":[184],"with":[185],"other":[186],"SOTA":[187],"methods,":[188],"average":[190],"maximum":[191],"improvement":[192],"S-measure,":[194],"E-measure,":[195],"weighted":[196],"F-measure,":[197],"mean":[199],"absolute":[200],"error":[201],"up":[203],"9.8%,":[205],"9.6%,":[206],"16.6%,":[207],"2.9%,":[209],"respectively.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}