{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981248168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431089","title":"<title>Eliminating false-positive microcalcification clusters in a mammography CAD scheme using a Bayesian neural network</title>","display_name":"<title>Eliminating false-positive microcalcification clusters in a mammography CAD scheme using a Bayesian neural network</title>","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981248168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431089","mag":"1981248168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.431089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056660199","display_name":"Darrin C. Edwards","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Darrin C. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Chicago (United States)","Univ of Chicago (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Chicago (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of Chicago (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020468113","display_name":"John Papaioannou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3852-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Papaioannou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Chicago (United States)","Univ of Chicago (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Chicago (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of Chicago (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042975544","display_name":"Yulei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-0958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Chicago (United States)","Univ of Chicago (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Chicago (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of Chicago (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069192131","display_name":"Matthew A. Kupinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7386-0500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew A. Kupinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Arizona (United States)","University of Arizona. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Arizona (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079423135","display_name":"Robert M. Nishikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-9951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Nishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Chicago (United States)","Univ of Chicago (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Chicago (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of Chicago (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056660199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88616592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4322","issue":null,"first_page":"1954","last_page":"1960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcalcification","display_name":"Microcalcification","score":0.6621586084365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6364830732345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6197021007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.6124624609947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.5464580655097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5367409586906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5347185730934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.5016629695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4919259548187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.42917025089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42738109827041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37121498584747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27977219223976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08903151750564575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781129008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933877","display_name":"Microcalcification","level":5,"score":0.6621586084365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6364830732345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6197021007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.6124624609947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5464580655097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5367409586906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5347185730934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.5016629695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4919259548187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.42917025089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42738109827041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37121498584747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27977219223976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08903151750564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.431089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378946663","https://openalex.org/W2031284012","https://openalex.org/W2354834859","https://openalex.org/W2340621660","https://openalex.org/W4378191048","https://openalex.org/W3190666406","https://openalex.org/W1978794434","https://openalex.org/W2362195282","https://openalex.org/W2328635413","https://openalex.org/W1540588256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1,49],"applied":[2],"a":[3,23,75,89,173],"Bayesian":[4],"Neural":[5],"network":[6],"(BNN)":[7],"to":[8,87],"the":[9,65,72,108,161,166,177],"task":[10],"of":[11,78,83,123,179,185],"distinguishing":[12],"between":[13],"true-positive":[14],"(TP)":[15],"and":[16,67,98,110,113,133],"false-":[17],"positive":[18],"(FP)":[19],"detected":[20,70,114],"clusters":[21,69,112,157,184],"in":[22,32,74,118],"computer-aided":[24],"diagnosis":[25],"(CAD)":[26],"scheme":[27,73,117,138,164,181],"for":[28,141,182],"detecting":[29,183],"clustered":[30],"microcalcifications":[31],"mammograms.":[33,80,125],"Because":[34],"BNNs":[35],"can":[36,175],"approximate":[37],"ideal":[38],"observer":[39],"decision":[40],"functions":[41],"given":[42],"sufficient":[43],"training":[44,76],"data,":[45],"this":[46],"approach":[47],"should":[48],"better":[50,147],"performance":[51,178],"than":[52,160],"our":[53,116,180],"previous":[54],"FP":[55,68,111,142,152,156],"cluster":[56,143,148],"elimination":[57,144],"methods.":[58],"Eight":[59],"cluster-based":[60],"features":[61,84],"were":[62],"extracted":[63],"from":[64],"TP":[66,109],"by":[71,115],"dataset":[77],"39":[79],"This":[81],"set":[82,122],"was":[85,105,129],"used":[86],"train":[88],"BNN":[90,104,127,140,174],"with":[91,139],"eight":[92],"input":[93],"nodes,":[94,97],"five":[95],"hidden":[96],"one":[99],"output":[100,128],"node.":[101],"The":[102,126,136],"trained":[103],"tested":[106],"on":[107],"an":[119],"independent":[120],"testing":[121],"50":[124],"analyzed":[130],"using":[131],"ROC":[132],"FROC":[134],"analysis.":[135],"detection":[137,163],"had":[145],"substantially":[146],"sensitivity":[149],"at":[150],"low":[151],"rates":[153],"(below":[154],"0.8":[155],"per":[158],"image)":[159],"original":[162],"without":[165],"BNN.":[167],"Our":[168],"preliminary":[169],"research":[170],"shows":[171],"that":[172],"improve":[176],"microcalcifications.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}