{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362693525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2653281","title":"Ink removal in whole slide images using hallucinated data","display_name":"Ink removal in whole slide images using hallucinated data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362693525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2653281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2653281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2653281","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2023: Digital and Computational Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015897825","display_name":"Vishwesh Ramanathan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167439","display_name":"Sunnybrook Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/008kn1a71","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I4210167439"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768120","display_name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0tzs53","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vishwesh Ramanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167439","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052986343","display_name":"Wenchao Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167439","display_name":"Sunnybrook Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/008kn1a71","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I4210167439"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768120","display_name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0tzs53","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167439","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070119504","display_name":"Dina Bassiouny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-2348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323843004","display_name":"Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03wefcv03","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004"]}],"countries":["CA","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dina Bassiouny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mansoura Univ. (Egypt)","Sunnybrook Health Sciences Ctr. (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mansoura Univ. (Egypt)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Ctr. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001373416","display_name":"Eileen Rakovitch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323843004","display_name":"Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03wefcv03","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eileen Rakovitch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunnybrook Health Sciences Ctr. (Canada)","Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Ctr. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029260213","display_name":"Anne L. Martel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-5501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768120","display_name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0tzs53","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167439","display_name":"Sunnybrook Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/008kn1a71","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I4210167439"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne L. Martel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167439","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015897825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4210167439","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51871648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"36","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13953","display_name":"Digital Imaging in Medicine","score":0.9222000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9031000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7649091482162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6588600277900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5107204914093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inkwell","display_name":"Inkwell","score":0.49930882453918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48644232749938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.4387189745903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33994060754776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.13071563839912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.11910519003868103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7649091482162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6588600277900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5107204914093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109693293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072","display_name":"Inkwell","level":2,"score":0.49930882453918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48644232749938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.4387189745903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33994060754776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.13071563839912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.11910519003868103}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2653281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2653281","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2023: Digital and Computational Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326635610","https://openalex.org/W2508766897","https://openalex.org/W2371758386","https://openalex.org/W2008795977","https://openalex.org/W2153024664","https://openalex.org/W2357946863","https://openalex.org/W2131699760","https://openalex.org/W2385576285","https://openalex.org/W2374624380","https://openalex.org/W2049864679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pathologists":[0],"regularly":[1],"use":[2],"ink":[3,55,73,78,88,183],"markings":[4,56,89,184],"on":[5],"histopathology":[6,197],"slides":[7,29,117,169],"to":[8,179,191],"highlight":[9],"specific":[10],"areas":[11],"of":[12,21,26,60,100,112,124,182,196],"interest":[13],"or":[14,98,185],"orientation,":[15],"making":[16,188],"it":[17,189],"an":[18,109],"integral":[19],"part":[20],"the":[22,54,58,122,137,174],"workflow.":[23],"Unfortunately,":[24],"digitization":[25],"these":[27],"ink-annotated":[28],"hinders":[30],"any":[31],"computer-aided":[32],"analyses,":[33],"particularly":[34],"deep":[35],"learning":[36],"algorithms,":[37],"which":[38],"require":[39],"clean":[40,92,168],"data":[41],"free":[42],"from":[43],"artifacts.":[44],"We":[45,63,80],"propose":[46,64],"a":[47,65,69,144,151,159],"methodology":[48],"that":[49],"can":[50,176],"identify":[51],"and":[52,75,120,158,200],"remove":[53],"for":[57,72,77,136,172],"purpose":[59],"computational":[61],"analyses.":[62],"two-stage":[66],"network":[67,83],"with":[68],"binary":[70,138],"classifier":[71],"filtering":[74],"Pix2Pix":[76],"removal.":[79],"trained":[81,201],"our":[82,105],"by":[84],"artificially":[85],"generating":[86],"pseudo":[87],"using":[90],"only":[91,167],"slides,":[93],"requiring":[94],"no":[95],"manual":[96],"annotation":[97],"curation":[99],"data.":[101],"Furthermore,":[102],"we":[103,142],"demonstrate":[104],"algorithm\u2019s":[106],"efficacy":[107],"over":[108,193],"independent":[110],"dataset":[111],"H&E":[113],"stained":[114],"breast":[115],"carcinoma":[116],"scanned":[118],"before":[119],"after":[121],"removal":[123],"pen":[125],"markings.":[126],"Our":[127],"quantitative":[128],"analysis":[129],"shows":[130],"promising":[131],"results,":[132],"achieving":[133],"98.7%":[134],"accuracy":[135],"classifier.":[139],"For":[140],"Pix2Pix,":[141],"observed":[143],"65.6%":[145],"increase":[146,153,161],"in":[147,154,162],"structure":[148],"similarity":[149],"index,":[150],"21.3%":[152],"peak":[155],"signal-to-noise":[156],"ratio,":[157],"30%":[160],"visual":[163],"information":[164],"fidelity.":[165],"As":[166],"are":[170,203],"required":[171],"training,":[173],"pipeline":[175],"be":[177],"adapted":[178],"multiple":[180],"colors":[181],"new":[186],"domains,":[187],"easy":[190],"deploy":[192],"different":[194],"sets":[195],"slides.":[198],"Code":[199],"models":[202],"available":[204],"at:":[205],"<a":[206],"href=\"https://github.com/Vishwesh4/Ink-WSI\">https://github.com/Vishwesh4/Ink-WSI</a>.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
