{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220761255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613157","title":"Super-fast three-dimensional focused x-ray luminescence computed tomography with a gated photon counter","display_name":"Super-fast three-dimensional focused x-ray luminescence computed tomography with a gated photon counter","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220761255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613157","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38919737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2613157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613157","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2022: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11198976","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103222918","display_name":"Yile Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0171-8818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yile Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA","Univ. of California, Merced (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Merced (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021181990","display_name":"Michael C. Lun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-2384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. Lun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA","Univ. of California, Merced (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Merced (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108781844","display_name":"Yibing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA","Univ. of California, Merced (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Merced (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033062773","display_name":"Jeffrey N. Anker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9544-2367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey N. Anker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology (COMSET), and Institute of Environment Toxicology (CU-ENTOX), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA","Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA","Clemson Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology (COMSET), and Institute of Environment Toxicology (CU-ENTOX), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400458","display_name":"Ge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2656-7705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Imaging Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Imaging Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507","https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624129","display_name":"Changqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-1494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA","Univ. of California, Merced (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Merced (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71347386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12036","issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscilloscope","display_name":"Oscilloscope","score":0.7348759174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5931633114814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.5482051372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5159741044044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.5051544308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"Data acquisition","score":0.4898237884044647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4699414372444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.46717485785484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.46359413862228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.41828566789627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29489728808403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.15205401182174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14816907048225403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184026988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174320","display_name":"Oscilloscope","level":3,"score":0.7348759174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5931633114814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.5482051372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5159741044044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.5051544308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4898237884044647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4699414372444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.46717485785484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46359413862228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.41828566789627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29489728808403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.15205401182174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14816907048225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2613157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2613157","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2022: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:38919737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38919737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11198976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11198976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11198976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11198976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2773392688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EB026646","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990043721","https://openalex.org/W2008673703","https://openalex.org/W2060600570","https://openalex.org/W2074367188","https://openalex.org/W2138198060","https://openalex.org/W2138233479","https://openalex.org/W2163131994","https://openalex.org/W2235877018","https://openalex.org/W2604893330","https://openalex.org/W2757754977","https://openalex.org/W3126191199","https://openalex.org/W3138652218","https://openalex.org/W6773869873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972598373","https://openalex.org/W2364019159","https://openalex.org/W1489049788","https://openalex.org/W2243648136","https://openalex.org/W2370764016","https://openalex.org/W3087970328","https://openalex.org/W2363540088","https://openalex.org/W2773198609","https://openalex.org/W2945971973","https://openalex.org/W2144778520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"X-ray":[0],"luminescence":[1],"computed":[2],"tomography":[3],"(XLCT)":[4],"is":[5,88,237],"a":[6,57,72,103,215,219],"hybrid":[7],"molecular":[8],"imaging":[9,17,23,34,69,177,210],"modality":[10],"combining":[11],"the":[12,44,63,76,80,85,89,113,128,136,139,198,227,233],"merits":[13],"of":[14,179,200,212],"both":[15,143,180,184],"x-ray":[16,30],"(high":[18,24],"spatial":[19,40],"resolution)":[20],"and":[21,147,182,187,207],"optical":[22],"sensitivity":[25],"to":[26,61,67,111,118,239],"tracer":[27],"nanophosphors).":[28],"Narrow":[29],"beam":[31],"based":[32,205,229],"XLCT":[33,176,213,230],"has":[35],"shown":[36],"promise":[37],"for":[38,51,167],"high":[39],"resolution":[41],"imaging,":[42],"but":[43],"slow":[45],"acquisition":[46,91],"speed":[47,70,87],"limits":[48,84],"its":[49],"applications":[50],"in":[52,71,131,192],"vivo":[53],"imaging.":[54,171],"We":[55,172],"introduced":[56],"continuous":[58,77],"scanning":[59,78,86,223],"scheme":[60,66],"replace":[62,112],"selective":[64],"excitation":[65],"improve":[68],"previous":[73],"study.":[74],"Under":[75],"scheme,":[79],"main":[81],"factor":[82],"that":[83],"data":[90,146,157],"time":[92,224,236],"at":[93],"each":[94,132],"interval":[95],"position.":[96],"In":[97],"this":[98],"work,":[99],"we":[100],"have":[101,173,196],"used":[102],"gated":[104,123],"photon":[105,124,129,148,152,203],"counter":[106,125,153,204],"(SR400,":[107],"Stanford":[108],"Research":[109],"Systems)":[110],"high-speed":[114],"oscilloscope":[115,137,228],"(MDO3104,":[116],"Tektronix)":[117],"acquire":[119],"measurement":[120,133],"data.":[121,150],"The":[122,151,194],"only":[126],"counts":[127],"peaks":[130],"interval,":[134],"while":[135],"records":[138,154],"entire":[140],"waveform":[141],"including":[142],"background":[144],"noise":[145],"peak":[149],"much":[155],"less":[156],"without":[158],"losing":[159],"any":[160],"relevant":[161],"information,":[162],"which":[163],"makes":[164],"it":[165],"ideal":[166],"super-fast":[168],"three-dimensional":[169],"(3D)":[170],"built":[174],"prototype":[175],"systems":[178],"types":[181],"performed":[183],"single":[185],"target":[186,189],"multiple":[188],"phantom":[190],"experiments":[191],"3D.":[193],"results":[195],"verified":[197],"feasibility":[199],"our":[201],"proposed":[202],"system":[206],"good":[208],"3D":[209],"capabilities":[211],"within":[214],"reasonable":[216],"time,":[217],"yielding":[218],"14":[220],"times":[221],"faster":[222],"compared":[225],"with":[226],"system.":[231],"Now,":[232],"total":[234],"scan":[235],"reduced":[238],"27":[240],"seconds":[241],"per":[242],"transverse":[243],"section.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}