{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221087148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611584","title":"Sparse capsule networks for informative representation learning in digital pathology","display_name":"Sparse capsule networks for informative representation learning in digital pathology","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221087148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2611584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2022: Digital and Computational Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036993582","display_name":"Matthew McNeil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2821-6204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew McNeil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113854698","display_name":"Cem Anil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cem Anil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029260213","display_name":"Anne L. Martel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-5501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Martel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036993582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02580509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9427000284194946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital pathology","score":0.8469023704528809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7454153895378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7201346158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6304200887680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.5938986539840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5590457916259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5070183277130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.46384528279304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40952402353286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37482601404190063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.8469023704528809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7454153895378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7201346158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6304200887680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.5938986539840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5590457916259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5070183277130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.46384528279304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40952402353286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37482601404190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2611584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2022: Digital and Computational Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197618774","https://openalex.org/W1970120446","https://openalex.org/W2015725271","https://openalex.org/W2055398836","https://openalex.org/W2312404985","https://openalex.org/W2475054117","https://openalex.org/W2591382767","https://openalex.org/W2753738274","https://openalex.org/W2767410506","https://openalex.org/W2797275157","https://openalex.org/W2888283155","https://openalex.org/W2913954345","https://openalex.org/W2919112510","https://openalex.org/W2963703618","https://openalex.org/W2964228567","https://openalex.org/W2992401789","https://openalex.org/W3022215132","https://openalex.org/W3037784242","https://openalex.org/W3042024476","https://openalex.org/W3080350040","https://openalex.org/W3096540902","https://openalex.org/W3160122800","https://openalex.org/W4253685465","https://openalex.org/W4288325991","https://openalex.org/W4295246696","https://openalex.org/W6743446608","https://openalex.org/W6744627333","https://openalex.org/W6750618652","https://openalex.org/W6754113104","https://openalex.org/W6757488640","https://openalex.org/W6758420182","https://openalex.org/W6758665762","https://openalex.org/W6759669191","https://openalex.org/W6763665168","https://openalex.org/W6771462074","https://openalex.org/W6776029712","https://openalex.org/W6779809370","https://openalex.org/W6781904890","https://openalex.org/W6940791084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539704186","https://openalex.org/W4254109238","https://openalex.org/W2399890175","https://openalex.org/W4308177873","https://openalex.org/W3202479762","https://openalex.org/W2480493049","https://openalex.org/W2592115649","https://openalex.org/W4322582183","https://openalex.org/W3048601286","https://openalex.org/W2965925734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"pathology":[1],"involves":[2],"the":[3,71,93],"digitization":[4],"of":[5],"high":[6],"quality":[7],"tissue":[8],"biopsies":[9],"on":[10,65,92],"microscope":[11],"slides":[12,24],"to":[13,33,41,61,77],"be":[14],"used":[15],"by":[16],"physicians":[17],"for":[18,29,82],"patient":[19],"diagnosis":[20],"and":[21,43,87],"prognosis.":[22],"These":[23],"have":[25],"become":[26],"exciting":[27],"avenues":[28],"deep":[30],"learning":[31,64],"applications":[32],"improve":[34],"care.":[35],"Despite":[36],"this,":[37],"labels":[38],"are":[39],"difficult":[40],"produce":[42,78],"thus":[44],"remain":[45],"rare.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"work,":[49],"we":[50],"create":[51],"a":[52,57],"sparse":[53],"capsule":[54],"network":[55],"with":[56],"spatial":[58],"broadcast":[59],"decoder":[60],"perform":[62],"representation":[63],"segmented":[66],"nuclei":[67],"patches":[68],"extracted":[69],"from":[70],"BreastPathQ":[72],"dataset.":[73],"This":[74],"was":[75],"able":[76],"disentangled":[79],"latent":[80,94],"space":[81,95],"categories":[83],"such":[84],"as":[85],"rotations,":[86],"logistic":[88],"regression":[89],"classifiers":[90],"trained":[91],"performed":[96],"well.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
