{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221068615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611353","title":"PET image harmonization using smoothing-cycleGAN","display_name":"PET image harmonization using smoothing-cycleGAN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221068615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2611353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606689","display_name":"Medical Imaging 2022: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2022: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014490269","display_name":"Abdullah Thabit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141844","display_name":"Australian e-Health Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywhbc61","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210141844","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Thabit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian e-Health Research Ctr. (Australia)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian e-Health Research Ctr. (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037321643","display_name":"Shenpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-3026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141844","display_name":"Australian e-Health Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywhbc61","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210141844","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ShenPeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian e-Health Research Ctr. (Australia)","The Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian e-Health Research Ctr. (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141844"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006698999","display_name":"Rob Williams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058052951","display_name":"Victor L. Villemagne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-9875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163497","display_name":"Austin Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05dbj6g52","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163497"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor L. Villemagne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Austin Health (Australia)","The Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)","Univ. of Pittsburgh (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Austin Health (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163497"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pittsburgh (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022818431","display_name":"Christopher C. Rowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3910-2453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher C. Rowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000636220","display_name":"Vincent Dor\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-0558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163497","display_name":"Austin Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05dbj6g52","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163497"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141844","display_name":"Australian e-Health Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywhbc61","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210141844","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Dore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Austin Health (Australia)","Australian e-Health Research Ctr. (Australia)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Austin Health (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163497"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian e-Health Research Ctr. (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141844"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040456565","display_name":"Pierrick Bourgeat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-4766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141844","display_name":"Australian e-Health Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywhbc61","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210141844","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierrick Bourgeat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian e-Health Research Ctr. (Australia)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian e-Health Research Ctr. (Australia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141844"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014490269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141844"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66591828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.8141351938247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6994224786758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.640588641166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5390549898147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5293187499046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5061411261558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.49429774284362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonization","display_name":"Harmonization","score":0.4573284387588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.4417828321456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.4354211091995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4020114839076996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2301032543182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.19845345616340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0925222635269165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.8141351938247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6994224786758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.640588641166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5390549898147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5293187499046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5061411261558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.49429774284362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659376","display_name":"Harmonization","level":2,"score":0.4573284387588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.4417828321456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.4354211091995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4020114839076996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2301032543182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.19845345616340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0925222635269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2611353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606689","display_name":"Medical Imaging 2022: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2022: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120979111","https://openalex.org/W1641498739","https://openalex.org/W2115799070","https://openalex.org/W2124030567","https://openalex.org/W2140652743","https://openalex.org/W2149450071","https://openalex.org/W2487877762","https://openalex.org/W2521028896","https://openalex.org/W2751239757","https://openalex.org/W2790289706","https://openalex.org/W2955490802","https://openalex.org/W4205363167","https://openalex.org/W4301409532","https://openalex.org/W6604896787","https://openalex.org/W6727501944","https://openalex.org/W6729966448","https://openalex.org/W6736210646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006073222","https://openalex.org/W2488916264","https://openalex.org/W2323573032","https://openalex.org/W1908077024","https://openalex.org/W198625436","https://openalex.org/W2095388346","https://openalex.org/W2379751185","https://openalex.org/W2147113764","https://openalex.org/W2120357498","https://openalex.org/W2542209669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alzheimer\u2019s":[0],"disease":[1],"(AD)":[2],"is":[3,11,42,53,69],"the":[4,29,35,39,45,96,130,156,183,196],"most":[5],"common":[6,113,168],"cause":[7],"of":[8,19,31,74,98,133,178,198],"dementia.":[9],"It":[10,41],"characterized":[12],"by":[13,44,92,102],"irreversible":[14],"memory":[15],"loss":[16],"and":[17,67,180,187],"degradation":[18],"cognitive":[20],"skills.":[21],"Amyloid":[22],"PET":[23,76,85,109,134,164,189,199],"imaging":[24],"has":[25,88],"been":[26,89],"used":[27],"in":[28,38,56,78,214],"diagnosis":[30],"AD":[32],"to":[33,107,111,128,154],"measure":[34],"amyloid":[36,75],"burden":[37],"brain.":[40],"quantified":[43],"Standard":[46],"Uptake":[47],"Value":[48],"Ratio":[49],"(SUVR).":[50],"However,":[51],"there":[52],"great":[54],"variability":[55],"SUVR":[57,184,216],"measurements":[58],"when":[59],"different":[60,203],"scanner":[61],"models":[62],"are":[63],"used.":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"standardization":[66,93],"harmonization":[68,87],"required":[70],"for":[71,162],"quantitative":[72],"assessments":[73],"scans":[77],"a":[79,104,112,145,150,167],"multi-center":[80],"or":[81,101],"longitudinal":[82],"study.":[83],"Conventionally,":[84],"image":[86,99,190,219],"tackled":[90],"either":[91],"protocols":[94],"at":[95],"time":[97],"reconstruction,":[100],"applying":[103],"smoothing":[105,152],"function":[106],"bring":[108],"images":[110,135,165,200],"resolution":[114],"using":[115,175,210],"phantom":[116],"data.":[117],"In":[118],"this":[119],"work,":[120],"we":[121,142,181],"propose":[122,143],"an":[123],"automatic":[124],"approach":[125,174],"that":[126,140,148,195,201],"aims":[127],"match":[129],"data":[131],"distribution":[132],"through":[136],"unsupervised":[137],"learning.":[138],"To":[139],"end,":[141],"Smoothing-CycleGAN,":[144],"modified":[146],"cycleGAN":[147],"uses":[149],"3D":[151],"kernel":[153],"learn":[155],"optimum":[157],"Point":[158],"Spread":[159],"Function":[160],"(PSF)":[161],"bringing":[163],"into":[166],"spatial":[169,204],"resolution.":[170],"We":[171],"validate":[172],"our":[173],"two":[176],"sets":[177],"datasets,":[179],"analyze":[182],"agreement":[185,217],"before":[186],"after":[188,218],"harmonization.":[191],"Our":[192],"results":[193,213],"show":[194],"PSF":[197],"have":[202],"resolutions":[205],"can":[206],"be":[207],"estimated":[208],"automatically":[209],"Smoothing-cycleGAN,":[211],"which":[212],"better":[215],"translation.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}