{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119307990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587174","title":"Bipolar morphological U-Net for document binarization","display_name":"Bipolar morphological U-Net for document binarization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119307990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587174","mag":"3119307990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2587174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thirteenth International Conference on Machine Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077963262","display_name":"Elena Limonova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-9109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115688","display_name":"Institute for Systems Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/02kmet255","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115688"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153845743","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0z9322","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153845743"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena E. Limonova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems Analysis FRC CSC RAS (Russian Federation)","Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Russian Federation)","Smart Engines Service LLC (Russian Federation)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Analysis FRC CSC RAS (Russian Federation)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Russian Federation)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153845743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Engines Service LLC (Russian Federation)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066631478","display_name":"Dmitry Nikolaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107660","display_name":"Institute for Information Transmission Problems","ror":"https://ror.org/013w2d378","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210097085","https://openalex.org/I4210107660"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry P. Nikolaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Russian Federation)","Smart Engines Service LLC (Russian Federation)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Russian Federation)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Engines Service LLC (Russian Federation)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019711919","display_name":"Vladimir V. Arlazarov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3260-9104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115688","display_name":"Institute for Systems Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/02kmet255","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115688"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir V. Arlazarov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems Analysis FRC CSC RAS (Russian Federation)","Smart Engines Service LLC (Russian Federation)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Analysis FRC CSC RAS (Russian Federation)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Engines Service LLC (Russian Federation)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077963262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153845743","https://openalex.org/I4210115688"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76992919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"50","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7961908578872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6696927547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6637474894523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6535873413085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6303425431251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.5839551687240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4887537956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.48100003600120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.425588458776474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3671756982803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3267015218734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28944939374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.25373655557632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.2062254250049591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10407862067222595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7961908578872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6696927547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6637474894523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6535873413085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6303425431251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.5839551687240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4887537956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.48100003600120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.425588458776474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3671756982803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3267015218734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28944939374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.25373655557632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.2062254250049591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10407862067222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2587174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thirteenth International Conference on Machine Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090049157","https://openalex.org/W1976835164","https://openalex.org/W2134771946","https://openalex.org/W2165367082","https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W1972641423","https://openalex.org/W1485756991","https://openalex.org/W2376218453","https://openalex.org/W2984236338","https://openalex.org/W2070904652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1,43,49,124],"networks":[2,107],"are":[3,40],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,169],"various":[7],"AI":[8],"systems.":[9],"Many":[10],"such":[11],"systems":[12],"rely":[13],"on":[14,24,42],"the":[15,71,81,97,101,113,120,145,149,159,167],"edge":[16],"computing":[17],"concept":[18],"and":[19,31,37,67,73,75,88,94,118],"try":[20],"to":[21,47,53],"perform":[22],"computations":[23,55],"end":[25],"devices":[26],"while":[27],"still":[28],"being":[29],"energy":[30],"memory":[32,38],"efficient.":[33],"Therefore,":[34],"substantial":[35],"time":[36],"requirements":[39],"imposed":[41],"networks.":[44],"One":[45],"way":[46],"improve":[48],"network":[50,82,125],"efficiency":[51],"is":[52,163],"simplify":[54],"inside":[56,70],"a":[57,134],"neuron.":[58],"A":[59],"bipolar":[60,104,121],"morphological":[61,105,122],"neuron":[62,72],"uses":[63],"only":[64],"addition,":[65],"subtraction,":[66],"maximum":[68],"operations":[69,85],"exponent":[74],"logarithm":[76],"as":[77],"activation":[78],"functions":[79],"for":[80,92,108,133,165],"layers.":[83],"These":[84],"allow":[86],"fast":[87],"compact":[89],"gate":[90],"implementation":[91],"FPGA":[93],"ASIC.":[95],"In":[96],"paper,":[98],"we":[99],"consider":[100],"usage":[102],"of":[103,126],"(BM)":[106],"document":[109],"binarization.":[110],"We":[111],"examine":[112],"DIBCO":[114],"2017":[115],"binarization":[116],"challenge":[117],"train":[119],"convolutional":[123,139],"U-Net":[127],"architecture.":[128],"Despite":[129],"some":[130],"accuracy":[131,146],"decrease":[132],"model":[135,162],"with":[136],"all":[137],"BM":[138,161],"layers,":[140],"one":[141],"can":[142],"flexibly":[143],"control":[144],"by":[147],"using":[148],"partially":[150],"converted":[151],"model.":[152],"It":[153],"should":[154],"be":[155],"noted":[156],"that":[157],"even":[158],"fully":[160],"suitable":[164],"solving":[166],"problem":[168],"practice.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}