{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132459015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582299","title":"Breast cancer magnification-independent multi-class histopathology classification using dual-step model","display_name":"Breast cancer magnification-independent multi-class histopathology classification using dual-step model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132459015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582299","mag":"3132459015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2582299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582299","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2021: Digital Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033119759","display_name":"Nathan Lang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquette Univ. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquette Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027433691","display_name":"Devansh Saxena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-7409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devansh Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquette Univ. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquette Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058220968","display_name":"Tina Yen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7210-4333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical College of Wisconsin (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical College of Wisconsin (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035890697","display_name":"Julie M. Jorns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-6670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Jorns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical College of Wisconsin (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical College of Wisconsin (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101882009","display_name":"Bing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5943-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquette Univ. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquette Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068927047","display_name":"Dong Hye Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Hye Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquette Univ. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquette Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033119759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71163676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnification","display_name":"Magnification","score":0.7709713578224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7259198427200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6349326372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6057343482971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5661002993583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5600287318229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5434463620185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5380100607872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-neural-network","display_name":"Residual neural network","score":0.5134633183479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.4767533242702484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4651563763618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.41242292523384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.31112122535705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1836601197719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1628328561782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1574043333530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.1410248577594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08772850036621094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.7709713578224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7259198427200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6349326372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6057343482971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5661002993583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5600287318229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5434463620185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5380100607872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2944601119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058","display_name":"Residual neural network","level":3,"score":0.5134633183479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.4767533242702484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4651563763618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.41242292523384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.31112122535705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1836601197719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1628328561782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1574043333530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.1410248577594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08772850036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2582299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582299","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2021: Digital Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298072154","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W2162970382","https://openalex.org/W1997235926","https://openalex.org/W2995001409","https://openalex.org/W4382934300","https://openalex.org/W2121061354","https://openalex.org/W4285388059","https://openalex.org/W2438464946","https://openalex.org/W2910954186"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer-aided":[0],"classification":[1,41,104],"of":[2,21,113],"breast":[3],"cancer":[4],"using":[5,33],"histopathological":[6],"images":[7,59,68],"can":[8,69],"play":[9],"a":[10,39,54,81,94,110],"significant":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13],"clinical":[14,119],"practice":[15],"by":[16],"detecting":[17],"the":[18,34,61,74,99,106],"distinct":[19],"type":[20],"malignant":[22,45,114],"and/or":[23],"benign":[24,43],"tumor.":[25],"However,":[26],"currently":[27],"proposed":[28],"deep":[29,75],"learning":[30],"models":[31],"developed":[32],"BreakHis":[35],"dataset":[36],"only":[37],"conduct":[38],"binary":[40,103],"between":[42],"and":[44,47,105],"tumors,":[46],"are":[48],"also":[49,87],"scale-dependent.":[50],"This":[51,78],"study":[52],"utilizes":[53],"ResNet-50":[55],"implementation":[56],"to":[57],"transform":[58],"from":[60],"four":[62],"magnification":[63],"factors":[64],"such":[65],"that":[66,85,116],"all":[67],"be":[70],"used":[71],"for":[72],"training":[73,83],"neural":[76],"network.":[77],"process":[79],"yields":[80],"larger":[82],"set":[84],"is":[86],"scale-independent.":[88],"For":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92],"utilized":[93],"dual":[95],"step":[96],"approach":[97],"with":[98],"first":[100],"pass":[101,108],"being":[102,109],"second":[107],"multi-class":[111],"classifier":[112],"tumors":[115],"offers":[117],"higher":[118],"utility.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}