{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123577522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582152","title":"Large-scale augmented Granger causality (lsAGC) for connectivity analysis in complex systems: from computer simulations to functional MRI (fMRI)","display_name":"Large-scale augmented Granger causality (lsAGC) for connectivity analysis in complex systems: from computer simulations to functional MRI (fMRI)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123577522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582152","mag":"3123577522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2582152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2021: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.09354","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036396088","display_name":"Axel Wism\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28792581","display_name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00trqv719","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Axel Wism\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Maximilian Univ. (Germany)","Univ. of Rochester Medical Ctr. (United States)","University of Rochester [USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Maximilian Univ. (Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Rochester Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rochester [USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044914081","display_name":"Mehdi Vosoughi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-4877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ali Vosoughi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Rochester (United States)","University of Rochester"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Rochester (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rochester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036396088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I5388228","https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77314894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.873155951499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6223809123039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.5632923245429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-connectivity","display_name":"Functional connectivity","score":0.5590869188308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5190123319625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4475312829017639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3075186312198639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2580430507659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23135769367218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1756061315536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10177281498908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0948355495929718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.873155951499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6223809123039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5632923245429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018011982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Functional connectivity","level":2,"score":0.5590869188308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5190123319625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4475312829017639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3075186312198639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2580430507659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23135769367218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1756061315536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10177281498908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0948355495929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2582152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2021: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.09354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09354","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.09354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03119650v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03119650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2021","raw_type":"Preprints, Working Papers, ..."},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2101.09354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2101.09354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.09354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09354","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.09354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172813713","https://openalex.org/W775277085","https://openalex.org/W1507544250","https://openalex.org/W1527829859","https://openalex.org/W1531716744","https://openalex.org/W1706864547","https://openalex.org/W1964107394","https://openalex.org/W1965481579","https://openalex.org/W1971575144","https://openalex.org/W1972228177","https://openalex.org/W1975607784","https://openalex.org/W1978215483","https://openalex.org/W1983183519","https://openalex.org/W1997269994","https://openalex.org/W2011988161","https://openalex.org/W2013235441","https://openalex.org/W2017345738","https://openalex.org/W2020254800","https://openalex.org/W2034476862","https://openalex.org/W2034643755","https://openalex.org/W2041782669","https://openalex.org/W2058046532","https://openalex.org/W2059664105","https://openalex.org/W2060776942","https://openalex.org/W2061757746","https://openalex.org/W2061957656","https://openalex.org/W2079656335","https://openalex.org/W2092481496","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2096545550","https://openalex.org/W2102292745","https://openalex.org/W2103961356","https://openalex.org/W2104024771","https://openalex.org/W2109574033","https://openalex.org/W2114397654","https://openalex.org/W2126918459","https://openalex.org/W2130107054","https://openalex.org/W2136562407","https://openalex.org/W2139404519","https://openalex.org/W2141317097","https://openalex.org/W2148585001","https://openalex.org/W2149018240","https://openalex.org/W2166507274","https://openalex.org/W2169397963","https://openalex.org/W2171546147","https://openalex.org/W2172180476","https://openalex.org/W2176037610","https://openalex.org/W2279727095","https://openalex.org/W2327725366","https://openalex.org/W2332715186","https://openalex.org/W2335517681","https://openalex.org/W2341759933","https://openalex.org/W2464525596","https://openalex.org/W2488960182","https://openalex.org/W2593687779","https://openalex.org/W2597194388","https://openalex.org/W2626279430","https://openalex.org/W2775336355","https://openalex.org/W2791864097","https://openalex.org/W2803807974","https://openalex.org/W2910357997","https://openalex.org/W2921566855","https://openalex.org/W2944868848","https://openalex.org/W2963120588","https://openalex.org/W2980346181","https://openalex.org/W3084005084","https://openalex.org/W3099014884","https://openalex.org/W3102306183","https://openalex.org/W3120719365","https://openalex.org/W3123010166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035792466","https://openalex.org/W2977645287","https://openalex.org/W4251418261","https://openalex.org/W2127540830","https://openalex.org/W3149726676","https://openalex.org/W3146892535","https://openalex.org/W2366728200","https://openalex.org/W2620498066","https://openalex.org/W2468995841","https://openalex.org/W2287879307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,71],"introduce":[1],"large-scale":[2],"Augmented":[3],"Granger":[4],"Causality":[5],"(lsAGC)":[6],"as":[7,101,159,236],"a":[8,41,88,102,117,168,188],"method":[9,39],"for":[10,31,116,175,218],"connectivity":[11,106,173,213],"analysis":[12,171,220,231],"in":[13,59,107,221,232],"complex":[14,222],"systems.":[15],"The":[16],"lsAGC":[17,77,133],"algorithm":[18],"combines":[19],"dimension":[20],"reduction":[21],"with":[22,83,95],"source":[23],"time-series":[24,29,54,58,65,81,121,152],"augmentation":[25],"and":[26,123,130,154,184,224],"uses":[27],"predictive":[28],"modeling":[30],"estimating":[32],"directed":[33],"causal":[34],"relationships":[35],"among":[36],"time-series.":[37],"This":[38],"is":[40,46,98],"multivariate":[42],"approach,":[43],"since":[44],"it":[45],"capable":[47],"of":[48,52,62,66,76,105,120,128,172,178,190,193],"identifying":[49],"the":[50,60,67,74,108,194],"influence":[51],"each":[53],"on":[55,78,243],"any":[56],"other":[57,64],"presence":[61],"all":[63,150],"underlying":[68],"dynamic":[69],"system.":[70],"quantitatively":[72],"evaluate":[73],"performance":[75],"synthetic":[79],"directional":[80],"networks":[82],"known":[84],"ground":[85],"truth.":[86],"As":[87],"reference":[89],"method,":[90],"we":[91,166],"compare":[92],"our":[93],"results":[94,206],"cross-correlation,":[96],"which":[97],"typically":[99],"used":[100],"standard":[103],"measure":[104],"functional":[109],"MRI":[110],"(fMRI)":[111],"literature.":[112],"Using":[113],"extensive":[114],"simulations":[115],"wide":[118],"range":[119],"lengths":[122,153],"two":[124],"different":[125],"signal-to-noise":[126],"ratios":[127],"5":[129],"15":[131],"dB,":[132],"consistently":[134],"outperforms":[135],"cross-correlation":[136],"at":[137],"accurately":[138],"detecting":[139],"network":[140,219],"connections,":[141],"using":[142,187],"Receiver":[143],"Operator":[144],"Characteristic":[145],"Curve":[146],"(ROC)":[147],"analysis,":[148],"across":[149],"tested":[151],"noise":[155],"levels.":[156],"In":[157],"addition,":[158],"an":[160],"outlook":[161],"to":[162,228],"possible":[163],"clinical":[164,229,244],"application,":[165],"perform":[167],"preliminary":[169],"qualitative":[170],"matrices":[174],"fMRI":[176,230],"data":[177,203],"Autism":[179,195],"Spectrum":[180],"Disorder":[181],"(ASD)":[182],"patients":[183],"typical":[185],"controls,":[186],"subset":[189],"59":[191],"subjects":[192],"Brain":[196],"Imaging":[197],"Data":[198],"Exchange":[199],"II":[200],"(ABIDE":[201],"II)":[202],"repository.":[204],"Our":[205],"suggest":[207],"that":[208],"lsAGC,":[209],"by":[210],"extracting":[211],"sparse":[212],"matrices,":[214],"may":[215,225],"be":[216,226],"useful":[217],"systems,":[223],"applicable":[227],"future":[233],"research,":[234],"such":[235],"targeting":[237],"disease-related":[238],"classification":[239],"or":[240],"regression":[241],"tasks":[242],"data.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
