{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131971689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581042","title":"End-to-end classification on basal-cell carcinoma histopathology whole-slides images","display_name":"End-to-end classification on basal-cell carcinoma histopathology whole-slides images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131971689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581042","mag":"3131971689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2581042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2021: Digital Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038377968","display_name":"Daan Geijs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-1766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daan J. Geijs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud Univ. Medical Ctr. (Netherlands)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud Univ. Medical Ctr. (Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062268913","display_name":"Hans Pinckaers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-9300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Pinckaers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud Univ. Medical Ctr. (Netherlands)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud Univ. Medical Ctr. (Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033858885","display_name":"Avital L. Amir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avital L. Amir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud Univ. Medical Ctr. (Netherlands)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud Univ. Medical Ctr. (Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055697525","display_name":"Geert Litjens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-1291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert J. S. Litjens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud Univ. Medical Ctr. (Netherlands)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud Univ. Medical Ctr. (Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038377968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77174653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11306","display_name":"Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.6645207405090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"Basal cell carcinoma","score":0.6593053340911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6496391296386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.60993492603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathology","display_name":"Histopathology","score":0.5210356712341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","score":0.474435955286026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46813663840293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42559871077537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labelling","display_name":"Labelling","score":0.4198168218135834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34586891531944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-cell","display_name":"Basal cell","score":0.2714538276195526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.2361699342727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.21052590012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.14054113626480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10771891474723816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.6645207405090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778804307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809758","display_name":"Basal cell carcinoma","level":3,"score":0.6593053340911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6496391296386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.60993492603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.5210356712341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.474435955286026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46813663840293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42559871077537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780523633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380709","display_name":"Labelling","level":2,"score":0.4198168218135834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34586891531944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019992690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92767510","display_name":"Basal cell","level":2,"score":0.2714538276195526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2361699342727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21052590012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14054113626480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10771891474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2581042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2021: Digital Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525479493","https://openalex.org/W1976633635","https://openalex.org/W2396436470","https://openalex.org/W1970064489","https://openalex.org/W4241622628","https://openalex.org/W1991894391","https://openalex.org/W2070829827","https://openalex.org/W2078502149","https://openalex.org/W2022106528","https://openalex.org/W2380886523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"high":[1],"incidence":[2],"of":[3,11,80,99],"BCC":[4,29,63,70,102],"skin":[5],"cancer":[6],"caused":[7],"that":[8,94],"the":[9],"amount":[10],"work":[12],"for":[13,23,61,84],"pathologists":[14],"has":[15],"risen":[16],"to":[17,48],"unprecedented":[18],"levels.":[19],"Acquiring":[20],"outlined":[21],"annotations":[22],"training":[24],"deep":[25],"learning":[26,37],"models":[27],"classifying":[28,100,101],"is":[30],"often":[31],"tedious":[32],"and":[33,57,82,87,90],"time":[34],"consuming.":[35],"End-to-end":[36],"provides":[38],"relief":[39],"in":[40,64,75,103],"labelling":[41],"data":[42],"by":[43],"using":[44],"a":[45,58],"single":[46,108],"label":[47],"predict":[49],"an":[50,76,104],"clinical":[51],"outcome.":[52],"We":[53],"compared":[54],"multiple-instance-learning":[55],"(MIL)":[56],"streaming":[59,86],"performance":[60],"detecting":[62],"420":[65],"slides":[66],"collected":[67],"from":[68],"72":[69],"positive":[71],"patients.":[72],"This":[73],"resulted":[74],"ROC":[77],"with":[78,107],"AUC":[79],"0.96":[81],"0.98":[83],"respectively":[85],"MIL.":[88],"Saliency":[89],"probability":[91],"maps":[92],"showed":[93],"both":[95],"methods":[96],"were":[97],"capable":[98],"end-to-end":[105],"way":[106],"labels.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
