{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131167373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579881","title":"A computational prediction method based on modified U-Net for cell distribution in tumor microenvironment","display_name":"A computational prediction method based on modified U-Net for cell distribution in tumor microenvironment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131167373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579881","mag":"3131167373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2579881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2021: Digital Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049542402","display_name":"Chang Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-6944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation (China)","The Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602709","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6351-6467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation (China)","The Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101620760","display_name":"Yu An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-7259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang Univ. (China)","Institute of Automation (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077718576","display_name":"Hanfan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1263-7493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanfan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation (China)","Xidian Univ. (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114062332","display_name":"Yang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-1842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation (China)","The Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429270","display_name":"Jie Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-0432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang Univ. (China)","Institute of Automation (China)","The Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049542402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66686939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","score":0.7304810285568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-e-stain","display_name":"H&E stain","score":0.5941863656044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5489858984947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunohistochemistry","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","score":0.513988196849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes","display_name":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","score":0.5005979537963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"Immunotherapy","score":0.41069236397743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37089407444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-research","display_name":"Cancer research","score":0.357871413230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.3390507698059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2777826488018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.2388952672481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-cells","display_name":"Tumor cells","score":0.18655428290367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.14210674166679382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.7304810285568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125473707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9914","display_name":"H&E stain","level":3,"score":0.5941863656044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5489858984947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.513988196849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778326572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7852668","display_name":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","level":4,"score":0.5005979537963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.41069236397743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37089407444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.357871413230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.3390507698059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2777826488018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2388952672481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020616263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216998","display_name":"Tumor cells","level":2,"score":0.18655428290367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.14210674166679382}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2579881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2021: Digital Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986945230","https://openalex.org/W2999877485","https://openalex.org/W4200022043","https://openalex.org/W2112727616","https://openalex.org/W2884525857","https://openalex.org/W4322720888","https://openalex.org/W4296613612","https://openalex.org/W3010386727","https://openalex.org/W3193904228","https://openalex.org/W3097689000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"tumor":[1,15,124],"microenvironment":[2],"(TME)":[3],"is":[4],"the":[5,110,146,153,156,166,191,202],"internal":[6],"environment":[7],"in":[8,27,58,97,188,211],"which":[9,78,104,177],"tumors":[10],"develop":[11],"and":[12,20,36,66,69,112,116,123,136,160,185,215],"consist":[13],"of":[14,34,52,55,155,193,208],"cells,":[16,19],"various":[17],"immune":[18],"interstitial":[21],"cells.":[22],"Understanding":[23],"different":[24,53,206],"cell":[25,56,95,209],"distribution":[26,57,96,187,210],"TME":[28,98,189,212],"can":[29,79,105,178],"help":[30],"predict":[31,117,179,205],"clinical":[32],"response":[33],"immunotherapy":[35],"offer":[37],"guidance":[38],"for":[39,94],"therapeutic":[40],"optimization.":[41],"Current":[42],"pathological":[43],"practice":[44],"utilizes":[45],"multiplexed":[46],"immunohistochemistry":[47],"(mIHC)":[48],"to":[49,76,145,171,204],"make":[50],"assessment":[51],"types":[54,207],"TME.":[59],"However,":[60],"these":[61],"staining":[62,70],"methods":[63],"are":[64],"time-":[65],"cost":[67],"consuming":[68],"results":[71],"often":[72],"require":[73],"professional":[74],"pathologists":[75,143],"interpret,":[77],"be":[80],"possibly":[81],"influenced":[82],"by":[83,141,164],"subjectivity.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86,199],"work,":[87],"we":[88],"propose":[89],"a":[90,100,173],"computational":[91],"prediction":[92],"method":[93,200],"using":[99],"modified":[101,174],"U-Net":[102,158,175],"structure,":[103],"learn":[106],"useful":[107],"features":[108,163],"from":[109],"hematoxylin":[111],"eosin":[113],"(H&amp;E)":[114],"images":[115,135],"PanCK":[118,180],"positive":[119,181],"colon":[120,182],"cancer":[121,183],"cells":[122,184],"infiltrating":[125],"lymphocytes":[126],"(TILs)":[127],"at":[128],"cellular-level.":[129],"Our":[130],"created":[131],"datasets":[132],"contain":[133],"H&amp;E":[134],"cellular-level":[137],"segmentation":[138],"labels":[139],"annotated":[140],"board-certified":[142],"according":[144],"corresponding":[147],"registered":[148],"mIHC":[149],"images.":[150],"We":[151],"optimize":[152],"structure":[154,176],"traditional":[157],"network,":[159],"extract":[161],"multi-scale":[162],"integrating":[165],"Inception":[167],"block,":[168],"so":[169],"as":[170],"create":[172],"TILs":[186],"with":[190],"accuracy":[192],"84.6%":[194],"on":[195],"test":[196],"set.":[197],"Hence,":[198],"shows":[201],"potential":[203],"more":[213],"objectively":[214],"efficiently.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
