{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003731434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559534","title":"Learning signer-invariant representations with adversarial training","display_name":"Learning signer-invariant representations with adversarial training","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003731434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559534","mag":"3003731434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2559534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559534","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Twelfth International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040431719","display_name":"Pedro M. Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-6566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro M. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC (Portugal)","Univ. de Porto (Portugal)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC (Portugal)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. de Porto (Portugal)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041131306","display_name":"Diogo Pernes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5246-0402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diogo Pernes","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC (Portugal)","Univ. de Porto (Portugal)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC (Portugal)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. de Porto (Portugal)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078836003","display_name":"Ana Rebelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-6057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153204","display_name":"Universidade Portucalense","ror":"https://ror.org/05wm6p530","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Rebelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC (Portugal)","Univ. Portucalense (Portugal)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC (Portugal)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Portucalense (Portugal)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013827007","display_name":"Jaime S. Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-2473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime S. Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC (Portugal)","Univ. de Porto (Portugal)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC (Portugal)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. de Porto (Portugal)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040431719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66210436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"117","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9322999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7708601951599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7537604570388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6473187208175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6347352862358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5183535814285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5113610625267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5090405344963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47466734051704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.4715549945831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4138798713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3834133446216583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7708601951599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7537604570388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6473187208175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6347352862358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5183535814285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5113610625267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5090405344963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47466734051704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.4715549945831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4138798713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3834133446216583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2559534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559534","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Twelfth International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W1973775000","https://openalex.org/W2748922771","https://openalex.org/W1487808658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sign":[0],"Language":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(SLR)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"an":[6,65,83],"appealing":[7],"topic":[8],"in":[9,151],"modern":[10],"societies":[11],"because":[12],"such":[13],"technology":[14],"can":[15],"ideally":[16],"be":[17],"used":[18],"to":[19,71,89,126,136],"bridge":[20],"the":[21,35,47,73,78,101,105,110,118,121,128,138,161,164,173],"gap":[22],"between":[23],"deaf":[24],"and":[25,92,108,167],"hearing":[26],"people.":[27],"Although":[28],"important":[29],"steps":[30],"have":[31],"been":[32],"made":[33],"towards":[34],"development":[36],"of":[37,46,50,82,163,170],"real-world":[38],"SLR":[39,42],"systems,":[40],"signer-independent":[41,74],"is":[43,123],"still":[44],"one":[45],"bottleneck":[48],"problems":[49],"this":[51,55],"research":[52],"field.":[53],"In":[54],"regard,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"a":[59],"deep":[60],"neural":[61],"network":[62],"along":[63],"with":[64,172],"adversarial":[66,141],"training":[67,142],"objective,":[68],"specifically":[69],"designed":[70],"address":[72],"problem.":[75],"Concretely":[76],"speaking,":[77],"proposed":[79,165],"model":[80,166],"consists":[81],"encoder,":[84],"mapping":[85],"from":[86],"input":[87],"images":[88],"latent":[90,147],"representations,":[91],"two":[93],"classifiers":[94],"operating":[95],"on":[96],"these":[97],"underlying":[98],"representations:":[99],"(i)":[100],"signclassifier,":[102],"for":[103,112,155],"predicting":[104,113],"class/sign":[106],"labels,":[107],"(ii)":[109],"signer-classifier,":[111],"their":[114],"signer":[115],"identities.":[116],"During":[117],"learning":[119,145],"stage,":[120],"encoder":[122],"simultaneously":[124],"trained":[125],"help":[127],"sign-classifier":[129],"as":[130,132],"much":[131],"possible":[133],"while":[134],"trying":[135],"fool":[137],"signer-classifier.":[139],"This":[140],"procedure":[143],"allows":[144],"signer-invariant":[146],"representations":[148],"that":[149],"are":[150],"fact":[152],"highly":[153],"discriminative":[154],"sign":[156],"recognition.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"effectiveness":[162],"its":[168],"capability":[169],"dealing":[171],"large":[174],"inter-signer":[175],"variations.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}