{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012139957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549860","title":"Automatic detection of brain metastases using 3D mask R-CNN for stereotactic radiosurgery","display_name":"Automatic detection of brain metastases using 3D mask R-CNN for stereotactic radiosurgery","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012139957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549860","mag":"3012139957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2549860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306519512","display_name":"Medical Imaging 2020: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2020: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011903902","display_name":"Yang Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101311536","display_name":"Zhen Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2962-6334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112323319","display_name":"Shannon Kahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shannon Kahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026088869","display_name":"Walter J. Curran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7552-4453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter J. Curran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365653","display_name":"Tian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-4318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100619090","display_name":"Xiaofeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-5855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"102","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosurgery","display_name":"Radiosurgery","score":0.9271875619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5404755473136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23254340887069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.2199360728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-therapy","display_name":"Radiation therapy","score":0.08575823903083801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780387249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973234","display_name":"Radiosurgery","level":3,"score":0.9271875619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5404755473136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23254340887069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2199360728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.08575823903083801}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2549860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306519512","display_name":"Medical Imaging 2020: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2020: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2077579868","https://openalex.org/W2620592657","https://openalex.org/W1490990766","https://openalex.org/W3032177237","https://openalex.org/W72122836","https://openalex.org/W2476392803","https://openalex.org/W4292594305","https://openalex.org/W2049714445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brain":[0],"metastases":[1,26,61,89,103,138,197,267,305],"are":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,10,16,24,49,87,101,177,264,313,337],"the":[5,50,59,98,110,136,147,173,178,184,196,223,249,261,265,303,307,335,345],"most":[6],"common":[7],"neurologic":[8],"complications":[9],"cancers,":[11],"occurring":[12],"in":[13,74],"about":[14,22],"30%":[15],"all":[17,58],"patients":[18,27],"with":[19],"cancer.":[20],"Moreover,":[21],"40%":[23],"brain":[25,41,51,60,88,102,115,137,266,278,304],"have":[28,108,271,317],"more":[29],"than":[30],"three":[31],"metastases.":[32,52],"Stereotactic":[33],"radiosurgery":[34],"(SRS)":[35],"is":[36,69,90,94],"a":[37,70,82,105,114,126,164,190,227,255,298,329],"well-established":[38],"treatment":[39,339],"for":[40,144],"metastases,":[42],"which":[43,68],"requires":[44],"accurate":[45],"detection":[46,85],"and":[47,56,66,109,133,175,215,233,248,253,283,287,321,341],"delineation":[48],"However,":[53],"manually":[54],"detecting":[55],"locating":[57],"can":[62,107,117],"be":[63,328],"very":[64,95],"time-consuming":[65],"laborintensive,":[67],"big":[71],"efficiency":[72,336],"bottleneck":[73],"this":[75,120],"typical":[76],"one-day":[77],"outpatient":[78],"SRS":[79,338],"procedure.":[80],"Developing":[81],"fast":[83],"automatic":[84],"tool":[86,331],"highly":[91],"desirable,":[92],"but":[93],"challenging":[96],"given":[97],"large":[99],"number":[100],"that":[104,113],"patient":[106],"small":[111],"size":[112,216],"metastasis":[116],"be.":[118],"In":[119],"work,":[121],"we":[122],"propose":[123],"to":[124,131,171,221,301,332],"use":[125],"3D":[127,156,308],"Mask":[128],"R-CNN":[129],"method":[130,274,326],"automatically":[132],"quickly":[134],"detect":[135,302],"on":[139,275,306],"magnetic":[140],"resonance":[141],"(MR)":[142],"images":[143],"SRS.":[145],"At":[146],"training":[148],"stage,":[149],"coarse":[150,185],"feature":[151,186],"maps":[152,236,252],"were":[153,219,239],"extracted":[154],"from":[155,183,241],"MR":[157,281,309],"image":[158],"patches":[159],"using":[160,189],"pretrained":[161],"ResNet.":[162],"Then,":[163],"region":[165],"proposal":[166],"network":[167,194],"(RPN)":[168],"was":[169,200,268],"used":[170,220],"predict":[172],"locations":[174],"sizes":[176],"rough":[179],"candidate":[180,231],"tumor":[181,250],"ROIs":[182,232,238,247,263],"maps.":[187],"By":[188,245],"uniformed":[191],"fully":[192],"convolution":[193],"(FCN),":[195],"within":[198,237],"ROI":[199,213],"segmented.":[201],"The":[202,311],"segmentation":[203],"loss,":[204],"classification":[205],"loss":[206,218],"(metastases":[207],"or":[208],"non-metastases),":[209],"as":[210,212],"well":[211],"location":[214],"regression":[217],"supervise":[222],"proposed":[224],"networks.":[225],"For":[226,290],"new":[228],"query":[229],"patient,":[230,292],"predicted":[234],"probability":[235,251],"obtained":[240],"our":[242,273,295,314],"trained":[243,296],"model.":[244],"aggregating":[246],"performing":[254],"consolidation":[256],"via":[257],"weighted":[258],"cluster":[259],"scoring,":[260],"final":[262],"obtained.":[269],"We":[270],"tested":[272],"20":[276],"patients\u2019":[277],"contrast":[279],"T1-weighted":[280],"images,":[282],"achieved":[284],"86.5%±3.2%":[285],"sensitivity":[286],"89.7%±4.8%":[288],"specificity.":[289],"each":[291],"it":[293],"took":[294],"model":[297],"few":[299],"seconds":[300],"images.":[310],"results":[312],"preliminary":[315],"study":[316],"demonstrated":[318],"its":[319],"efficacy":[320],"clinical":[322,346],"feasibility.":[323],"This":[324],"auto-detection":[325],"could":[327],"useful":[330],"significantly":[333],"improve":[334,344],"planning":[340],"hence":[342],"ultimately":[343],"outcome.":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}