{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008930132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549318","title":"Deep learning based high-resolution reconstruction of trabecular bone microstructures from low-resolution CT scans using GAN-CIRCLE","display_name":"Deep learning based high-resolution reconstruction of trabecular bone microstructures from low-resolution CT scans using GAN-CIRCLE","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008930132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549318","mag":"3008930132","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32201450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2549318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2020: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7085412","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056977107","display_name":"Indranil Guha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6691-7204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Indranil Guha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066038745","display_name":"Syed Ahmed Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ahmed Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076320750","display_name":"Chenyu You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8365-7822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 05620","Yale Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 05620","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018595476","display_name":"Xiaoliu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoliu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010165489","display_name":"Steven M. Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9150-4199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400458","display_name":"Ge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2656-7705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Imaging Center, BME/CBIS, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, NY 12180","Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Imaging Center, BME/CBIS, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, NY 12180","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050556211","display_name":"James C. Torner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0979-4874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James C. Torner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033203259","display_name":"Punam K. Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-118X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Punam K. Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","The Univ. of Iowa (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Iowa (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056977107"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94473385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11317","issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.6370973587036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5803545713424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trabecular-bone","display_name":"Trabecular bone","score":0.47589075565338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.45994919538497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.45632413029670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure","display_name":"Microstructure","score":0.45284971594810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4170815944671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3633779287338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.33226513862609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25628066062927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2513692378997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.1671411097049713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1079329252243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.07018449902534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis","display_name":"Osteoporosis","score":0.06395578384399414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.6370973587036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5803545713424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018268312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671642","display_name":"Trabecular bone","level":3,"score":0.47589075565338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.45994919538497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.45632413029670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.45284971594810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4170815944671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3633779287338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33226513862609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25628066062927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2513692378997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.1671411097049713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1079329252243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.07018449902534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.06395578384399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2549318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2020: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:32201450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32201450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6756091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7085412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7085412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7085412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7085412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7085412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964581145","https://openalex.org/W1969210223","https://openalex.org/W1972240851","https://openalex.org/W1976854024","https://openalex.org/W1982547218","https://openalex.org/W1985184665","https://openalex.org/W1988316565","https://openalex.org/W1993457878","https://openalex.org/W1998714655","https://openalex.org/W1999889262","https://openalex.org/W2003624223","https://openalex.org/W2009399798","https://openalex.org/W2019367958","https://openalex.org/W2020775263","https://openalex.org/W2027544354","https://openalex.org/W2028230810","https://openalex.org/W2043362084","https://openalex.org/W2048250502","https://openalex.org/W2054689187","https://openalex.org/W2058232189","https://openalex.org/W2059087897","https://openalex.org/W2066056548","https://openalex.org/W2066749771","https://openalex.org/W2070914367","https://openalex.org/W2074515491","https://openalex.org/W2085072070","https://openalex.org/W2102024055","https://openalex.org/W2105822769","https://openalex.org/W2106629079","https://openalex.org/W2110733023","https://openalex.org/W2111064390","https://openalex.org/W2113763817","https://openalex.org/W2114714759","https://openalex.org/W2117865218","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2127890285","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2138153565","https://openalex.org/W2139880278","https://openalex.org/W2159591750","https://openalex.org/W2256257390","https://openalex.org/W2617128058","https://openalex.org/W2742335709","https://openalex.org/W2765968837","https://openalex.org/W2794977498","https://openalex.org/W2798401174","https://openalex.org/W2805715722","https://openalex.org/W2809226111","https://openalex.org/W2995072672","https://openalex.org/W3084995528","https://openalex.org/W3104720471","https://openalex.org/W3105700508","https://openalex.org/W3106295246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362774332","https://openalex.org/W4249245269","https://openalex.org/W2765548132","https://openalex.org/W2025681766","https://openalex.org/W2542402767","https://openalex.org/W3023086044","https://openalex.org/W2294441925","https://openalex.org/W4212954839","https://openalex.org/W2142226356","https://openalex.org/W3210000161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"measurement":[0],"of":[1,9,45,65,78,83,100],"Tb":[2,46,140],"microstructures":[3,47],"at":[4],"peripheral":[5],"sites.":[6],"However,":[7],"resolution-dependence":[8],"microstructural":[10,141],"measures":[11,142,174,194],"and":[12,31,58,71,80,94,147,156,160,171],"wide":[13],"resolution-discrepancies":[14],"among":[15],"various":[16],"CT":[17,50,63,73,184],"scanners":[18],"together":[19],"with":[20,126,162,181],"rapid":[21],"upgrades":[22],"in":[23,28],"technology":[24],"warrant":[25],"data":[26],"harmonization":[27],"CT-based":[29],"cross-sectional":[30],"longitudinal":[32],"bone":[33],"studies.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"a":[38],"deep":[39],"learning-based":[40],"method":[41],"for":[42,92,108,136],"high-resolution":[43,72,81,115,128,158,168,183],"reconstruction":[44],"from":[48,89,102,154,166,175,195],"low-resolution":[49,137,196],"scans":[51,64,116,129],"using":[52,60],"GAN-CIRCLE.":[53],"A":[54],"network":[55,148,172],"was":[56],"developed":[57],"evaluated":[59],"post-registered":[61],"ankle":[62],"nineteen":[66],"volunteers":[67,91,105],"on":[68],"both":[69],"low-":[70,79,155],"scanners.":[74],"9,000":[75],"matching":[76,98],"pairs":[77,99],"patches":[82,101],"size":[84],"64\u00d764":[85],"were":[86,106],"randomly":[87],"harvested":[88],"ten":[90],"training":[93],"validation.":[95],"Another":[96],"5,000":[97],"nine":[103],"other":[104],"used":[107],"evaluation.":[109],"Quantitative":[110],"comparison":[111],"shows":[112],"that":[113],"predicted":[114,157,176],"have":[117],"significantly":[118],"improved":[119],"structural":[120],"similarity":[121],"index":[122],"(p":[123],"<":[124],"0.01)":[125],"true":[127,167,182],"as":[130,144],"compared":[131,161],"to":[132],"the":[133,163,192],"same":[134,193],"metric":[135],"data.":[138],"Different":[139],"such":[143],"thickness,":[145],"spacing,":[146],"area":[149,173],"density":[150],"are":[151],"also":[152],"computed":[153],"images,":[159],"values":[164,190],"derived":[165,189],"scans.":[169],"Thickness":[170],"images":[177,197],"showed":[178],"higher":[179],"agreement":[180],"(CCC":[185,198],"=":[186,199],"[0.95,":[187],"0.91])":[188],"than":[191],"[0.72,":[200],"0.88]).":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
