{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921485945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512829","title":"Malignant microcalcification clusters detection using unsupervised deep autoencoders","display_name":"Malignant microcalcification clusters detection using unsupervised deep autoencoders","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921485945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512829","mag":"2921485945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2512829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306519510","display_name":"Medical Imaging 2019: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2019: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010636698","display_name":"Rui Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-8772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Univ.  (United States)","Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ.  (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025326438","display_name":"Yinhao Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-5000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Univ.  (United States)","Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ.  (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014628303","display_name":"Lars J. Grimm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-3352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars J. Grimm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001300575","display_name":"Maciej A. Mazurowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4202-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej A. Mazurowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Univ. (United States)","Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032566475","display_name":"Jeffrey R. Marks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2054-5468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey R. Marks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044189171","display_name":"Lorraine King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4617-7458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorraine King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062132898","display_name":"Carlo C. Maley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo C. Maley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103530129","display_name":"Shelley Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelley Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040192736","display_name":"Joseph Y. Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-5072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Y. Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Univ. (United States)","Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Univ. School of Medicine (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010636698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.14,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53778372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"98","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcalcification","display_name":"Microcalcification","score":0.7420080900192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7370420694351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6450474262237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3987964689731598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.17905062437057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.05682376027107239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781129008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933877","display_name":"Microcalcification","level":5,"score":0.7420080900192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7370420694351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6450474262237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3987964689731598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.17905062437057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.05682376027107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2512829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306519510","display_name":"Medical Imaging 2019: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2019: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304373761","https://openalex.org/W1999356868","https://openalex.org/W2025192769","https://openalex.org/W2027594868","https://openalex.org/W2037920251","https://openalex.org/W2071690793","https://openalex.org/W2078276635","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2112031812","https://openalex.org/W2399193266","https://openalex.org/W2791103947","https://openalex.org/W6712999928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W40785385","https://openalex.org/W1965547071","https://openalex.org/W2089630719","https://openalex.org/W1995933794","https://openalex.org/W2374914916","https://openalex.org/W2351575012","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"and":[1,22,147,183,210],"localization":[2],"of":[3,31,112,123,252,272],"microcalcification":[4,51],"(MC)":[5,52],"clusters":[6,53],"are":[7,27,37,75,135],"very":[8],"important":[9],"in":[10],"mammography":[11,102],"diagnosis.":[12],"Supervised":[13],"MC":[14,23,35,153],"detectors":[15],"require":[16],"learning":[17],"from":[18,71,88,145,158],"extracted":[19,70,87,144,157],"individual":[20],"MCs":[21,181],"clusters.":[24],"However,":[25],"they":[26],"limited":[28],"by":[29],"number":[30],"datasets":[32,106],"given":[33],"that":[34,173],"images":[36,172],"hard":[38],"to":[39,48,221,267],"obtain.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"work,":[43],"we":[44,61,223],"propose":[45],"a":[46,63],"method":[47],"detect":[49],"malignant":[50],"using":[54,238,260],"unsupervised,":[55],"one-class,":[56],"deep":[57,64],"convolutional":[58],"autoencoder.":[59],"Specifically,":[60,110],"designed":[62,227],"autoencoder":[65,241],"model":[66,84,166],"where":[67],"only":[68,169],"patches":[69,86,156,193,244,259],"normal":[72,96,136,159],"cases\u2019":[73],"mammograms":[74],"used":[76],"during":[77],"training.":[78],"We":[79],"then":[80,224],"applied":[81],"our":[82,226],"trained":[83,168],"on":[85,170,191,204,242,257],"testing":[89,105,243,258],"images.":[90,103],"Our":[91,104,197],"training":[92],"dataset":[93],"contains":[94,107],"408":[95],"subjects,":[97],"including":[98],"1961":[99],"full-field":[100],"digital":[101],"276":[108],"subjects.":[109],"106":[111],"them":[113,124],"were":[114,125,217],"patients":[115],"diagnosed":[116,126],"with":[117,127,229,232,245,263],"Ductal":[118,129],"Carcinoma":[119,130],"<i>In-Situ</i>":[120],"(DCIS);":[121],"70":[122],"Invasive":[128],"(IDC);":[131],"the":[132,165,185,215,239],"rest":[133],"100":[134],"cases":[137,149,160],"containing":[138],"484":[139],"negative":[140,171,195],"screening":[141],"mammograms.":[142],"Patches":[143],"DCIS":[146],"IDC":[148],"(positive":[150],"patches)":[151,162],"contain":[152,176],"clusters,":[154],"whereas":[155],"(negative":[161],"don\u2019t.":[163],"As":[164],"is":[167,201],"do":[174],"not":[175,218],"MCs,":[177],"it":[178],"cannot":[179],"reconstruct":[180],"well,":[182],"thus,":[184],"reconstruction":[186],"error":[187],"will":[188],"be":[189],"larger":[190],"positive":[192],"than":[194],"patches.":[196,212],"detection":[198],"algorithm\u2019s":[199],"decision":[200],"made":[202],"based":[203],"Max-Squared":[205],"Error":[206],"between":[207],"autoencoder\u2019s":[208],"input":[209],"output":[211],"To":[213],"confirm":[214],"results":[216,237],"simply":[219],"due":[220],"blurring,":[222],"compared":[225],"detector":[228],"unsharp":[230],"mask":[231],"Gaussian":[233,261],"blur":[234,262],"results.":[235],"The":[236,254],"unsupervised":[240],"size":[246,265],"64&times;64":[247],"achieves":[248],"an":[249,269],"AUC":[250,271],"result":[251],"0.93.":[253],"best":[255],"performance":[256],"kernel":[264],"equal":[266],"11has":[268],"overall":[270],"0.82.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}