{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2801481927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309446","title":"3D shape recovery from image focus using gray level co-occurrence matrix","display_name":"3D shape recovery from image focus using gray level co-occurrence matrix","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2801481927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309446","mag":"2801481927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2309446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tenth International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2017)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011029503","display_name":"Fahad Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-8828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Univ. of Sciences and Technology (Pakistan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Univ. of Sciences and Technology (Pakistan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005214483","display_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Umair Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-3924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umair Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Univ. of Sciences and Technology (Pakistan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Univ. of Sciences and Technology (Pakistan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016182658","display_name":"Fahad Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-4632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore Univ. of Management Sciences (Pakistan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore Univ. of Management Sciences (Pakistan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715482","display_name":"Javaid Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-4555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javaid Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Univ. of Sciences and Technology (Pakistan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Univ. of Sciences and Technology (Pakistan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011029503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66900245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":0.9581999778747559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9578999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6575753688812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.649345874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6055694818496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5867955088615417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48644423484802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4524553716182709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.4410969018936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43906867504119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3538995385169983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6575753688812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.649345874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6055694818496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5867955088615417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48644423484802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4524553716182709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.4410969018936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43906867504119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3538995385169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2309446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tenth International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2017)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04317817v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-04317817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2017-11-15, Nov 2017, Vienna, Austria. &#x27E8;10.1117/12.2309446&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04317817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923779427","https://openalex.org/W1965475047","https://openalex.org/W1979791940","https://openalex.org/W2004776385","https://openalex.org/W2012284677","https://openalex.org/W2026517715","https://openalex.org/W2034961509","https://openalex.org/W2039530173","https://openalex.org/W2058635015","https://openalex.org/W2067651702","https://openalex.org/W2081754635","https://openalex.org/W2083507536","https://openalex.org/W2086320485","https://openalex.org/W2124053536","https://openalex.org/W2130669657","https://openalex.org/W2131713153","https://openalex.org/W2140738666","https://openalex.org/W2166774562","https://openalex.org/W2213487433","https://openalex.org/W2310823760","https://openalex.org/W2560383929","https://openalex.org/W2584211175","https://openalex.org/W4255944499","https://openalex.org/W6640035803","https://openalex.org/W6653185928","https://openalex.org/W6659185738","https://openalex.org/W6680485408","https://openalex.org/W6688700709","https://openalex.org/W6698248743","https://openalex.org/W6730264135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2053596378","https://openalex.org/W3206716821","https://openalex.org/W2008487901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recovering":[0],"a":[1,65],"precise":[2],"and":[3,119,164,190,224],"accurate":[4,236],"3-D":[5,13,66,177,208],"shape":[6,14,67,178,209],"of":[7,21,40,43,100,126,131,141,174,196,206,215,233],"the":[8,37,44,55,60,75,97,101,110,114,127,132,138,142,197,204],"target":[9],"object":[10],"utilizing":[11],"robust":[12,159],"recovery":[15,68,179,210],"algorithm":[16,27,182],"is":[17,70,167,183,200],"an":[18,29],"ultimate":[19],"objective":[20],"computer":[22],"vision":[23],"community.":[24],"Focus":[25],"measure":[26,57,157],"plays":[28],"important":[30],"role":[31],"in":[32,113],"this":[33,79,229],"architecture":[34],"which":[35,72],"convert":[36],"color":[38],"values":[39],"each":[41],"pixel":[42],"acquired":[45],"2-D":[46,62],"image":[47,63,102,115,144,188,192],"dataset":[48],"into":[49],"corresponding":[50],"focus":[51,56,98,139,156],"values.":[52],"After":[53],"convolving":[54],"filter":[58],"with":[59,84,91,203],"input":[61,133,143],"dataset,":[64],"approach":[69,230],"applied":[71],"will":[73],"recover":[74],"depth":[76],"map.":[77],"In":[78],"document,":[80],"we":[81,136,226],"are":[82],"concerned":[83],"proposing":[85],"Gray":[86,105],"Level":[87,106],"Co-occurrence":[88,107],"Matrix":[89,108],"along":[90],"its":[92,151],"statistical":[93,117,218],"features":[94,118],"for":[95],"computing":[96],"information":[99],"dataset.":[103,193],"The":[104,194],"quantifies":[109],"texture":[111],"present":[112],"using":[116,145],"then":[120],"applies":[121],"joint":[122],"probability":[123],"distributive":[124],"function":[125],"gray":[128],"level":[129],"pairs":[130],"image.":[134],"Finally,":[135,212],"quantify":[137],"value":[140],"Gaussian":[146],"Mixture":[147],"Model.":[148],"Due":[149],"to":[150,160,172],"little":[152],"computational":[153],"complexity,":[154],"sharp":[155],"curve,":[158],"random":[161],"noise":[162],"sources":[163],"accuracy,":[165],"it":[166],"considered":[168],"as":[169],"superior":[170],"alternative":[171],"most":[173],"recently":[175],"proposed":[176,198],"approaches.":[180,211],"This":[181],"deeply":[184],"investigated":[185],"on":[186],"real":[187],"sequences":[189],"synthetic":[191],"efficiency":[195],"scheme":[199],"also":[201],"compared":[202],"state":[205],"art":[207],"by":[213],"means":[214],"two":[216],"global":[217],"measures,":[219],"root":[220],"mean":[221],"square":[222],"error":[223],"correlation,":[225],"claim":[227],"that":[228],"\u2013in":[231],"spite":[232],"simplicity":[234],"generates":[235],"results.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
