{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791552369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293700","title":"Automatic anatomy recognition using neural network learning of object relationships via virtual landmarks","display_name":"Automatic anatomy recognition using neural network learning of object relationships via virtual landmarks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791552369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293700","mag":"2791552369","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2293700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293700","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2018: Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101794179","display_name":"Fengxia Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-860X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111149068","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nqk4x38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112098","display_name":"National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zjrck77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086682","https://openalex.org/I4210112098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengxia Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R. China","Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)","National Univ. of Defense Technology (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Univ. of Defense Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111149068","https://openalex.org/I4210112098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065713856","display_name":"Jayaram K. Udupa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-2927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayaram K. Udupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026804587","display_name":"Yubing Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-4910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubing Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033484584","display_name":"Guoping Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-7191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069851642","display_name":"Dewey Odhner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6124-8796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewey Odhner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080030813","display_name":"Drew A. Torigian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-9735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew A. Torigian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, 602 Goddard building, 3710 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pennsylvania (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10135","issue":null,"first_page":"117","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11984","display_name":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.737309455871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6878751516342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.672637939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6651363968849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5484092235565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.5151396989822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5099822282791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5049551129341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4383270740509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-image","display_name":"Virtual image","score":0.41754236817359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3267309069633484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.737309455871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6878751516342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.672637939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6651363968849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5484092235565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.5151396989822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5099822282791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5049551129341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4383270740509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51970089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44415","display_name":"Virtual image","level":2,"score":0.41754236817359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3267309069633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2293700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293700","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2018: Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:30190628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5074426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6122856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1387866902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R41 CA199735","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3325914055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R42 CA199735","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964162596","https://openalex.org/W2225435795","https://openalex.org/W2300209363","https://openalex.org/W2594724539","https://openalex.org/W6698016244","https://openalex.org/W6734814210","https://openalex.org/W6806765867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114275278","https://openalex.org/W2465398362","https://openalex.org/W2024872068","https://openalex.org/W1489511283","https://openalex.org/W2296174333","https://openalex.org/W2974914859","https://openalex.org/W2558391692","https://openalex.org/W2026565050","https://openalex.org/W2110244802","https://openalex.org/W2253875927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32,171,213],"recently":[1],"developed":[2],"body-wide":[3],"Automatic":[4],"Anatomy":[5],"Recognition":[6],"(AAR)":[7],"methodology":[8],"depends":[9],"on":[10,83,177],"fuzzy":[11],"modeling":[12],"of":[13,23,73,86,90,97,130,137,193],"individual":[14],"objects,":[15,18],"hierarchically":[16],"arranging":[17],"constructing":[19],"an":[20,131],"anatomy":[21,67],"ensemble":[22],"these":[24],"models,":[25],"and":[26,55,127,164,195,199],"a":[27,104,120,156],"dichotomous":[28],"object":[29,38,116,133,140,153,179,202,224],"recognition-delineation":[30],"process.":[31],"parent-to-offspring":[33],"spatial":[34],"relationship":[35,50,63,81],"in":[36,42,60,65,141,155],"the":[37,43,66,71,77,84,87,91,95,112,125,128,135,138,142,162,168,200,227],"hierarchy":[39],"is":[40,175,218],"crucial":[41],"AAR":[44,107,231],"method.":[45,232],"We":[46,144,184],"have":[47],"found":[48,219],"this":[49,62,80,101],"to":[51,114,123,220],"be":[52],"quite":[53],"complex,":[54],"as":[56],"such":[57],"any":[58],"improvement":[59],"capturing":[61],"information":[64],"model":[68],"will":[69],"improve":[70],"process":[72],"recognition":[74,108],"itself.":[75],"Currently,":[76],"method":[78,109,174,217],"encodes":[79],"based":[82],"layout":[85],"geometric":[88],"centers":[89],"objects.":[92,183],"Motivated":[93],"by":[94,118,205],"concept":[96],"virtual":[98],"landmarks":[99],"(VLs),":[100],"paper":[102],"presents":[103],"new":[105],"one-shot":[106],"that":[110],"utilizes":[111],"VLs":[113,129,136,163],"learn":[115],"relationships":[117],"training":[119],"neural":[121,148,215],"network":[122,216],"predict":[124],"pose":[126,169],"offspring":[132],"given":[134],"parent":[139],"hierarchy.":[143],"set":[145],"up":[146],"two":[147,178],"networks":[149],"for":[150,160,166,207],"each":[151],"parent-offspring":[152],"pair":[154],"body":[157],"region,":[158],"one":[159],"predicting":[161,167],"another":[165],"parameters.":[170],"VL-based":[172],"learning/prediction":[173],"evaluated":[176],"hierarchies":[180],"involving":[181],"14":[182],"utilize":[185],"54":[186],"computed":[187],"tomography":[188],"(CT)":[189],"image":[190],"data":[191],"sets":[192],"head":[194],"neck":[196],"cancer":[197],"patients":[198],"associated":[201],"contours":[203],"drawn":[204],"dosimetrists":[206],"routine":[208],"radiation":[209],"therapy":[210],"treatment":[211],"planning.":[212],"VL":[214],"yield":[221],"more":[222],"accurate":[223],"localization":[225],"than":[226],"currently":[228],"used":[229],"simple":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}