{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792527495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293000","title":"Semantic segmentation for prostate cancer grading by convolutional neural networks","display_name":"Semantic segmentation for prostate cancer grading by convolutional neural networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792527495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293000","mag":"2792527495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2293000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2018: Digital Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053741315","display_name":"Zhaoxuan Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedars Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedars Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021036637","display_name":"Jiayun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-3538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of California, Los Angeles (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Los Angeles (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029397257","display_name":"Hootan Salemi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hootan Salemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001751044","display_name":"Corey Arnold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-8143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corey Arnold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of California, Los Angeles (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Los Angeles (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060130342","display_name":"Beatrice S. Knudsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7589-7591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatrice S. Knudsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012620880","display_name":"Arkadiusz Gertych","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-602X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arkadiusz Gertych","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007730632","display_name":"Nathan Ing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Ing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053741315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97972696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"46","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7996094226837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7655231952667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7017108201980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6827057600021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.6349711418151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5448723435401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.496825248003006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital pathology","score":0.4870746433734894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.4288170337677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate","display_name":"Prostate","score":0.4153411090373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1982114315032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.19330912828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13639762997627258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09221190214157104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7996094226837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7655231952667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7017108201980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6827057600021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6349711418151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5448723435401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.496825248003006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.4870746433734894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4288170337677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.4153411090373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1982114315032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.19330912828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13639762997627258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09221190214157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2293000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Imaging 2018: Digital Pathology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611457968","https://openalex.org/W753012316","https://openalex.org/W1820655337","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1910657905","https://openalex.org/W1977653087","https://openalex.org/W1995460724","https://openalex.org/W2013811470","https://openalex.org/W2036924016","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2129112648","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2220115093","https://openalex.org/W2283084142","https://openalex.org/W2340422569","https://openalex.org/W2394653037","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2401520370","https://openalex.org/W2443266644","https://openalex.org/W2504102028","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2592085990","https://openalex.org/W2592611445","https://openalex.org/W2592936145","https://openalex.org/W2593345132","https://openalex.org/W2607075141","https://openalex.org/W2612529407","https://openalex.org/W2620578070","https://openalex.org/W2786974903","https://openalex.org/W2963542991","https://openalex.org/W6619034759","https://openalex.org/W6622239757","https://openalex.org/W6629368666","https://openalex.org/W6639780620","https://openalex.org/W6640054144","https://openalex.org/W6653692056","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6733970568","https://openalex.org/W6734147758","https://openalex.org/W6734197719","https://openalex.org/W6737592719","https://openalex.org/W6748314856","https://openalex.org/W6764076272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385649027","https://openalex.org/W2064165679","https://openalex.org/W4400094315","https://openalex.org/W1588461101","https://openalex.org/W3208525924","https://openalex.org/W2591833644","https://openalex.org/W2885058781","https://openalex.org/W1975767702","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W3127248583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Certain":[0],"pathology":[1],"workflows,":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4],"classification":[5],"and":[6,21,47,51,71,81,97,113,178],"grading":[7,179],"of":[8,34,79,95,100,111,115,132,170],"prostate":[9,42,180],"adenocarcinoma":[10,43],"according":[11],"to":[12,18,121],"the":[13,89,103,159,168],"Gleason":[14],"grade":[15],"scheme,":[16],"stand":[17],"gain":[19],"speed":[20],"objectivity":[22],"by":[23,53],"incorporating":[24],"contemporary":[25],"digital":[26],"image":[27,38],"analysis":[28],"methods.":[29],"We":[30],"compiled":[31],"a":[32,85,93,109,130,139],"dataset":[33],"513":[35],"high":[36],"resolution":[37],"tiles":[39],"from":[40],"primary":[41],"wherein":[44],"individual":[45],"glands":[46],"stroma":[48],"were":[49],"demarcated":[50],"graded":[52],"hand.":[54],"With":[55],"this":[56],"unique":[57],"dataset,":[58],"we":[59],"tested":[60,151],"four":[61],"Convolutional":[62,173],"Neural":[63,174],"Network":[64],"architectures":[65,150],"including":[66],"FCN-8s,":[67],"two":[68],"SegNet":[69],"variants,":[70],"multi-scale":[72],"U-Net":[73,106],"for":[74,127,176],"performance":[75],"in":[76,134,183],"semantic":[77,171],"segmentation":[78,172],"high-":[80],"low-grade":[82],"tumors.":[83],"In":[84],"5-fold":[86],"cross-validation":[87],"experiment,":[88],"FCN-8s":[90,118],"architecture":[91,107,119],"achieved":[92,108,129,156],"mIOU":[94,110,131],"0.759":[96],"an":[98],"accuracy":[99,114],"0.87,":[101],"while":[102],"less":[104],"complex":[105],"0.738":[112],"0.885.":[116],"The":[117,148],"applied":[120],"whole":[122,153],"slide":[123],"images":[124],"not":[125],"used":[126],"training":[128],"0.857":[133],"annotated":[135],"tumor":[136],"foci":[137,182],"with":[138],"multiresolution":[140],"processing":[141],"time":[142],"averaging":[143],"11":[144],"minutes":[145],"per":[146],"slide.":[147],"three":[149],"on":[152],"slides":[154],"all":[155],"areas":[157],"under":[158],"Receiver":[160],"Operating":[161],"Characteristic":[162],"curve":[163],"near":[164],"1,":[165],"strongly":[166],"demonstrating":[167],"suitability":[169],"Networks":[175],"detecting":[177],"cancer":[181],"radical":[184],"prostatectomies.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}