{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593635672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254902","title":"Improving utility of brain tumor confocal laser endomicroscopy: objective value assessment and diagnostic frame detection with convolutional neural networks","display_name":"Improving utility of brain tumor confocal laser endomicroscopy: objective value assessment and diagnostic frame detection with convolutional neural networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593635672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254902","mag":"2593635672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2254902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.02101","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080183902","display_name":"Mohammadhassan Izadyyazdanabadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-6905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325481341","display_name":"St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72wv30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095179","display_name":"Saint Joseph's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72p590","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132943300","https://openalex.org/I4210095179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324766304","display_name":"Barrow Neurological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01fwrsq33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304","https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammadhassan Izadyyazdanabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ. (United States)","Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I4210095179","https://openalex.org/I1324766304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078234471","display_name":"Evgenii Belykh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-5739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166198","display_name":"Irkutsk State Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwrn075","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324766304","display_name":"Barrow Neurological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01fwrsq33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304","https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095179","display_name":"Saint Joseph's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72p590","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132943300","https://openalex.org/I4210095179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325481341","display_name":"St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72wv30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evgenii Belykh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ. (United States)","Irkutsk State Medical Univ. (Russian Federation)","Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irkutsk State Medical Univ. (Russian Federation)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I4210095179","https://openalex.org/I1324766304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054072244","display_name":"Nikolay L. Martirosyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-7244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325481341","display_name":"St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72wv30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095179","display_name":"Saint Joseph's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72p590","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132943300","https://openalex.org/I4210095179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324766304","display_name":"Barrow Neurological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01fwrsq33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304","https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolay Martirosyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I4210095179","https://openalex.org/I1324766304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083325281","display_name":"Jennifer Eschbacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2599-0819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095179","display_name":"Saint Joseph's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72p590","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132943300","https://openalex.org/I4210095179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325481341","display_name":"St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72wv30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324766304","display_name":"Barrow Neurological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01fwrsq33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304","https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Eschbacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I4210095179","https://openalex.org/I1324766304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008718222","display_name":"Peter Nakaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-2925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095179","display_name":"Saint Joseph's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72p590","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132943300","https://openalex.org/I4210095179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325481341","display_name":"St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72wv30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324766304","display_name":"Barrow Neurological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01fwrsq33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304","https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Nakaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I4210095179","https://openalex.org/I1324766304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002278578","display_name":"Yezhou Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-8976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yezhou Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State Univ. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040939351","display_name":"Mark C. Preul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-4931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095179","display_name":"Saint Joseph's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72p590","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132943300","https://openalex.org/I4210095179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324766304","display_name":"Barrow Neurological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01fwrsq33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304","https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325481341","display_name":"St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m72wv30","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark C. Preul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I4210095179","https://openalex.org/I1324766304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080183902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324766304","https://openalex.org/I1325481341","https://openalex.org/I4210095179","https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84929486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10134","issue":null,"first_page":"101342J","last_page":"101342J"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.763303279876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7621527314186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.704748272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.5641993284225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.54006028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46013396978378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endomicroscopy","display_name":"Endomicroscopy","score":0.45132696628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumor","display_name":"Brain tumor","score":0.4304414689540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4295251965522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.384788453578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.35062915086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal","display_name":"Confocal","score":0.30890583992004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.2491987943649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23283252120018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08443447947502136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.763303279876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7621527314186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.704748272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5641993284225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.54006028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46013396978378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17480853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376368","display_name":"Endomicroscopy","level":3,"score":0.45132696628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.4304414689540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4295251965522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.384788453578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.35062915086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136009344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336201","display_name":"Confocal","level":2,"score":0.30890583992004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2491987943649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23283252120018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08443447947502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2254902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1801.02101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.02101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1801.02101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.02101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493093959","https://openalex.org/W1521843029","https://openalex.org/W1536929369","https://openalex.org/W1968114652","https://openalex.org/W1973760999","https://openalex.org/W1979451680","https://openalex.org/W2027324596","https://openalex.org/W2040857266","https://openalex.org/W2041741035","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099274934","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2291111440","https://openalex.org/W2314990288","https://openalex.org/W2315447499","https://openalex.org/W2418822845","https://openalex.org/W2482805107","https://openalex.org/W2486889692","https://openalex.org/W2532626005","https://openalex.org/W2914695977","https://openalex.org/W2950094539","https://openalex.org/W6629302495","https://openalex.org/W6660841724","https://openalex.org/W6674914833","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6699218275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062119371","https://openalex.org/W2082161865","https://openalex.org/W4244168234","https://openalex.org/W2023965689","https://openalex.org/W2073646673","https://openalex.org/W1539232953","https://openalex.org/W2088968821","https://openalex.org/W1967533601","https://openalex.org/W2943943431","https://openalex.org/W4214866234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Confocal":[0],"laser":[1],"endomicroscopy":[2],"(CLE),":[3],"although":[4],"capable":[5],"of":[6,14,61,84,114],"obtaining":[7],"images":[8,28,62,70,85,115,119,128,149,168],"at":[9],"cellular":[10],"resolution":[11],"during":[12,91],"surgery":[13,160],"brain":[15,39,158],"tumors":[16],"in":[17,139],"real":[18,79],"time,":[19],"creates":[20],"as":[21,24,129],"many":[22],"non-diagnostic":[23],"diagnostic":[25,48,69,81,108,130,233],"images.":[26,235],"Non-useful":[27],"are":[29],"often":[30],"distorted":[31],"due":[32],"to":[33,52,67,88,102,105,125],"relative":[34],"motion":[35],"between":[36],"probe":[37],"and":[38,96,116,152,189,230],"or":[40,59,131],"blood":[41],"artifacts.":[42],"Many":[43],"images,":[44],"however,":[45],"simply":[46],"lack":[47],"features":[49],"immediately":[50],"informative":[51],"the":[53,57,92,100,112,121,167,172,195],"physician.":[54],"Examining":[55],"all":[56,166],"hundreds":[58],"thousands":[60],"from":[63,71,155],"a":[64,78,134,140,219,226],"single":[65],"case":[66],"discriminate":[68],"nondiagnostic":[72,151],"ones":[73],"can":[74,224],"be":[75,89],"tedious.":[76],"Providing":[77],"time":[80],"value":[82],"assessment":[83],"(fast":[86],"enough":[87,98],"used":[90,138],"surgical":[93],"acquisition":[94],"process":[95],"accurate":[97],"for":[99,120,165,209],"pathologist":[101],"rely":[103],"on)":[104],"automatically":[106,126],"detect":[107],"frames":[109],"would":[110],"streamline":[111],"analysis":[113,205],"filter":[117],"useful":[118],"pathologist/surgeon.":[122],"We":[123],"sought":[124],"classify":[127],"non-diagnostic.":[132],"AlexNet,":[133],"deep-learning":[135],"architecture,":[136],"was":[137,180],"4-fold":[141],"cross":[142],"validation":[143],"manner.":[144],"Our":[145],"dataset":[146],"includes":[147],"16,795":[148],"(8572":[150],"8223":[153],"diagnostic)":[154],"74":[156],"CLE-aided":[157],"tumor":[159],"patients.":[161],"The":[162],"ground":[163],"truth":[164],"is":[169],"provided":[170],"by":[171],"pathologist.":[173],"Average":[174],"model":[175,196,227],"accuracy":[176],"on":[177],"test":[178],"data":[179],"91%":[181],"overall":[182],"(90.79":[183],"%":[184,187,191],"accuracy,":[185],"90.94":[186],"sensitivity":[188],"90.87":[190],"specificity).":[192],"To":[193],"evaluate":[194],"reliability":[197],"we":[198],"also":[199],"performed":[200],"receiver":[201],"operating":[202],"characteristic":[203],"(ROC)":[204],"yielding":[206],"0.958":[207],"average":[208],"area":[210],"under":[211],"ROC":[212],"curve":[213],"(AUC).":[214],"These":[215],"results":[216],"demonstrate":[217],"that":[218,228],"deeply":[220],"trained":[221],"AlexNet":[222],"network":[223],"achieve":[225],"reliably":[229],"quickly":[231],"recognizes":[232],"CLE":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}