{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593344944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254047","title":"Unsupervised segmentation of H and E breast images","display_name":"Unsupervised segmentation of H and E breast images","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593344944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254047","mag":"2593344944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2254047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043244985","display_name":"Tyna Hope","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167439","display_name":"Sunnybrook Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/008kn1a71","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I4210167439"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768120","display_name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0tzs53","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tyna A. Hope","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167439","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069586144","display_name":"Martin J. Yaffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-9915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167439","display_name":"Sunnybrook Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/008kn1a71","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I4210167439"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768120","display_name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0tzs53","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323843004","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin J. Yaffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunnybrook Research Institute (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167439","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043244985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167439","https://openalex.org/I4391768120"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01693444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10140","issue":null,"first_page":"101400V","last_page":"101400V"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8515688180923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-e-stain","display_name":"H&E stain","score":0.763521671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6753567457199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6633830070495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5353690981864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45838019251823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.4418489336967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital pathology","score":0.41396084427833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4129323661327362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.19892263412475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staining","display_name":"Staining","score":0.12431281805038452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8515688180923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125473707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9914","display_name":"H&E stain","level":3,"score":0.763521671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6753567457199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6633830070495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5353690981864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45838019251823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.4418489336967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.41396084427833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4129323661327362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.19892263412475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74864618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446","display_name":"Staining","level":2,"score":0.12431281805038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2254047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993760967","https://openalex.org/W2032031994","https://openalex.org/W2039758605","https://openalex.org/W2040414046","https://openalex.org/W2073459066","https://openalex.org/W2103243046","https://openalex.org/W2104967324","https://openalex.org/W2114289955","https://openalex.org/W2123622230","https://openalex.org/W2126212561","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2237393532","https://openalex.org/W2335197832","https://openalex.org/W3099404130","https://openalex.org/W6648956512","https://openalex.org/W6658447222","https://openalex.org/W6668990524","https://openalex.org/W6676894889","https://openalex.org/W6689951657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388446985","https://openalex.org/W2065857975","https://openalex.org/W3165349357","https://openalex.org/W4386103331","https://openalex.org/W3012179402","https://openalex.org/W4214718886","https://openalex.org/W2125942968","https://openalex.org/W4288034278","https://openalex.org/W4387618892","https://openalex.org/W4378952948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heterogeneity":[0],"of":[1,43,51,74,185],"ductal":[2],"carcinoma":[3],"in":[4,76,220],"situ":[5],"(DCIS)":[6],"continues":[7],"to":[8,71,153,175,217],"be":[9,72,195],"an":[10],"important":[11],"topic.":[12],"Combining":[13],"biomarker":[14],"and":[15,17,36,61,78,92,106,164,168,182,197],"hematoxylin":[16,113,212],"eosin":[18],"(HE)":[19],"morphology":[20],"information":[21,170],"may":[22],"provide":[23],"more":[24],"insights":[25],"than":[26],"either":[27],"alone.":[28],"We":[29],"are":[30,47,116,143,179,191],"working":[31],"towards":[32],"a":[33,49,122],"computer-based":[34],"identification":[35],"description":[37],"system":[38,45,119,135],"for":[39,54,97],"DCIS.":[40],"As":[41],"part":[42],"the":[44,95,109,118,155,183,189,205],"we":[46,88,203],"developing":[48],"region":[50],"interest":[52],"finder":[53],"further":[55],"processing,":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58],"identifying":[59],"DCIS":[60,198],"other":[62],"HE":[63],"based":[64],"measures.":[65],"The":[66,134,148],"segmentation":[67,207],"algorithm":[68,149],"is":[69,128,151,173],"designed":[70,152],"tolerant":[73],"variability":[75],"staining":[77],"require":[79],"no":[80],"user":[81],"interaction.":[82],"To":[83],"achieve":[84],"stain":[85],"variation":[86],"tolerance":[87],"use":[89],"unsupervised":[90],"learning":[91],"iteratively":[93,107],"interrogate":[94],"image":[96,138],"information.":[98],"Using":[99],"simple":[100],"rules":[101],"(e.g.,":[102],"\u201chematoxylin":[103],"stains":[104,210],"nuclei\u201d)":[105],"assessing":[108],"resultant":[110],"objects":[111,115,165],"(small":[112],"stained":[114],"lymphocytes),":[117,167],"builds":[120,169],"up":[121],"knowledge":[123,146],"base":[124],"so":[125],"that":[126,178],"it":[127,172],"not":[129],"dependent":[130],"upon":[131],"manual":[132],"annotations.":[133],"starts":[136],"with":[137,209],"resolution-based":[139],"assumptions":[140],"but":[141],"these":[142],"replaced":[144],"by":[145],"gained.":[147],"pipeline":[150],"find":[154],"simplest":[156],"items":[157],"first":[158],"(segment":[159],"stains),":[160],"then":[161],"interesting":[162],"subclasses":[163],"(stroma,":[166],"until":[171],"possible":[174],"segment":[176],"blobs":[177,190],"normal,":[180],"DCIS,":[181],"range":[184],"benign":[186],"glands.":[187],"Once":[188],"found,":[192],"features":[193],"can":[194],"obtained":[196],"detected.":[199],"In":[200],"this":[201],"work":[202],"present":[204],"early":[206],"results":[208],"where":[211],"ranges":[213],"from":[214],"blue":[215],"dominant":[216,219],"red":[218],"RGB":[221],"space.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
