{"id":"https://openalex.org/W806428245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197113","title":"A new machine learning algorithm for removal of salt and pepper noise","display_name":"A new machine learning algorithm for removal of salt and pepper noise","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W806428245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197113","mag":"806428245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2197113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364888","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-9573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066228176","display_name":"Reza R. Adhami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Adhami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101891348","display_name":"Jian Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7044-5302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176692203","display_name":"Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hz8m414","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176692203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alabama A&M Univ. (United States)","Alabama A&M. Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alabama A&M Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176692203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alabama A&M. Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9631","issue":null,"first_page":"96311R","last_page":"96311R"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-and-pepper-noise","display_name":"Salt-and-pepper noise","score":0.838884711265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7205983400344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6823830008506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.6782574653625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5836891531944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.5804398059844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5738208889961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.542842447757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5325226783752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5144274830818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-noise","display_name":"Impulse noise","score":0.460400253534317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.45906972885131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45319944620132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.434353768825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43212494254112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3559204936027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33353525400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2718929648399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1973899006843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.176932692527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09628021717071533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113660513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849379","display_name":"Salt-and-pepper noise","level":5,"score":0.838884711265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7205983400344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6823830008506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.6782574653625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5836891531944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.5804398059844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5738208889961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.542842447757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5325226783752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5144274830818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127372701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16979398","display_name":"Impulse noise","level":3,"score":0.460400253534317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.45906972885131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45319944620132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.434353768825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43212494254112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3559204936027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33353525400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2718929648399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1973899006843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.176932692527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09628021717071533}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2197113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987739142","https://openalex.org/W2062925858","https://openalex.org/W2091554265","https://openalex.org/W2127761447","https://openalex.org/W2134662526","https://openalex.org/W2171743875","https://openalex.org/W4253920039","https://openalex.org/W6679146861","https://openalex.org/W7027716524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953655071","https://openalex.org/W2121479027","https://openalex.org/W2082346846","https://openalex.org/W1978900443","https://openalex.org/W2415066633","https://openalex.org/W1787910866","https://openalex.org/W2545973440","https://openalex.org/W2518478289","https://openalex.org/W2167707673","https://openalex.org/W2041083590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supervised":[0],"machine":[1,24,104],"learning":[2,25],"algorithm":[3,81],"has":[4],"been":[5],"extensively":[6],"studied":[7],"and":[8,39,53,86,106,136],"applied":[9],"to":[10,48,71],"different":[11,90],"fields":[12],"of":[13,100],"image":[14,132],"processing":[15],"in":[16],"past":[17],"decades.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"proposes":[21],"a":[22,62],"new":[23],"algorithm,":[26],"called":[27],"margin":[28,115],"setting":[29,44,80,116],"(MS),":[30],"for":[31,76,89],"restoring":[32],"images":[33,77,88],"that":[34,114],"are":[35,60,96],"corrupted":[36,74],"by":[37],"salt":[38],"pepper":[40],"impulse":[41],"noise.":[42],"Margin":[43,79],"generates":[45],"decision":[46],"surface":[47],"classify":[49],"the":[50,57,73,101],"noise":[51,58,91],"pixels":[52,59,75],"non-noise":[54],"pixels.":[55],"After":[56],"detected,":[61],"modified":[63],"ranked":[64],"order":[65],"mean":[66,127],"(ROM)":[67],"filter":[68,109],"is":[69,82],"used":[70],"replace":[72],"reconstruction.":[78],"tested":[83],"with":[84,98,120],"grayscale":[85],"color":[87],"densities.":[92],"The":[93,111],"experimental":[94],"results":[95,112],"compared":[97],"those":[99],"support":[102],"vector":[103],"(SVM)":[105],"standard":[107],"median":[108],"(SMF).":[110],"show":[113],"outperforms":[117],"these":[118],"methods":[119],"higher":[121,131,137],"Peak":[122],"Signal-to-Noise":[123],"Ratio":[124],"(PSNR),":[125],"lower":[126],"square":[128],"error":[129],"(MSE),":[130],"enhancement":[133],"factor":[134],"(IEF)":[135],"Structural":[138],"Similarity":[139],"Index":[140],"(SSIM).":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
