{"id":"https://openalex.org/W780854012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196995","title":"KD-tree based clustering algorithm for fast face recognition on large-scale data","display_name":"KD-tree based clustering algorithm for fast face recognition on large-scale data","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W780854012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196995","mag":"780854012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2196995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423182","display_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-1136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Univ. (China)","Hunan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018617528","display_name":"Yaping Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-9789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaping Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Univ. (China)","Hunan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101783316","display_name":"Junfeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-0260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Univ. (China)","Hunan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36184938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9631","issue":null,"first_page":"96311I","last_page":"96311I"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.850681722164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7450916767120361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7274578809738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-d-tree","display_name":"k-d tree","score":0.6645781397819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6288114786148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5924063920974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5740538835525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5609592795372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5422024130821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5149610638618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5122556090354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4021719694137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34472107887268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.10973411798477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0726148784160614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.850681722164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7450916767120361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7274578809738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33721204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309949","display_name":"k-d tree","level":3,"score":0.6645781397819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6288114786148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5924063920974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5740538835525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5609592795372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5422024130821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5149610638618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5122556090354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4021719694137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34472107887268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.10973411798477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0726148784160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2196995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983622948","https://openalex.org/W2088009615","https://openalex.org/W2096027770","https://openalex.org/W2147521651","https://openalex.org/W2165558283","https://openalex.org/W2315257905","https://openalex.org/W6646142254","https://openalex.org/W6698981313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2083665254","https://openalex.org/W3094976685","https://openalex.org/W3127410434","https://openalex.org/W2107401307","https://openalex.org/W4390577842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"acceleration":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6],"large-scale":[7,15],"face":[8,17,35,52],"recognition":[9,18],"system.":[10],"When":[11],"dealing":[12],"with":[13,57],"a":[14],"database,":[16],"is":[19,55],"time-consuming.":[20],"In":[21],"order":[22],"to":[23,33],"tackle":[24],"this":[25],"problem,":[26],"we":[27],"employ":[28],"the":[29,38,46,49,58,71],"k-means":[30],"clustering":[31],"algorithm":[32],"classify":[34],"data.":[36],"Specifically,":[37],"data":[39],"in":[40,45],"each":[41],"cluster":[42],"are":[43],"stored":[44],"form":[47],"of":[48,73],"kd-tree,":[50],"and":[51,67],"feature":[53],"matching":[54],"conducted":[56],"kd-tree":[59],"based":[60],"nearest":[61],"neighborhood":[62],"search.":[63],"Experiments":[64],"on":[65],"CAS-PEAL":[66],"self-collected":[68],"database":[69],"show":[70],"effectiveness":[72],"our":[74],"proposed":[75],"method.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
