{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017774864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082909","title":"3D statistical shape models incorporating 3D random forest regression voting for robust CT liver segmentation","display_name":"3D statistical shape models incorporating 3D random forest regression voting for robust CT liver segmentation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017774864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082909","mag":"2017774864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2082909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083849661","display_name":"Tobias Norajitra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151100","display_name":"DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8b4491","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529","https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I4210151100"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17937529","display_name":"German Cancer Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdgtt98","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Norajitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151100","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109185878","display_name":"Hans-Peter Meinzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17937529","display_name":"German Cancer Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdgtt98","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151100","display_name":"DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8b4491","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529","https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I4210151100"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Peter Meinzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151100","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027292126","display_name":"Klaus Maier\u2010Hein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6626-2463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151100","display_name":"DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8b4491","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529","https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I4210151100"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17937529","display_name":"German Cancer Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdgtt98","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus H. Maier-Hein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151100","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083849661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17937529","https://openalex.org/I4210151100"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86372316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9414","issue":null,"first_page":"941406","last_page":"941406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.8009078502655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7049811482429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6955006122589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.683555006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6569039821624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5854791402816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5623558163642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5033101439476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4271838963031769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.8009078502655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7049811482429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6955006122589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.683555006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6569039821624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5854791402816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5623558163642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5033101439476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4271838963031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2082909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50261322","https://openalex.org/W1558236763","https://openalex.org/W2034102777","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2104276184","https://openalex.org/W2153431772","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W4244441399","https://openalex.org/W6602053347","https://openalex.org/W6633494977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W4243161226","https://openalex.org/W2950647290","https://openalex.org/W2620829895","https://openalex.org/W2356918560","https://openalex.org/W1968481813","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"image":[1],"segmentation,":[2],"3D":[3,58,63,81,105,115],"Statistical":[4],"Shape":[5],"Models":[6],"(SSM)":[7],"usually":[8],"conduct":[9],"a":[10,54,72,80,91,127,142,169,174],"limited":[11,49],"search":[12,18,50,109,116,210],"for":[13,57,159,163],"target":[14],"landmarks":[15],"within":[16,114],"one-dimensional":[17],"profiles":[19,36],"perpendicular":[20],"to":[21,42,126],"the":[22,86,133,149,193],"model":[23],"surface.":[24],"In":[25],"addition,":[26],"landmark":[27,46,89,123,205],"appearance":[28],"is":[29,76,110],"modeled":[30],"only":[31],"locally":[32],"based":[33,61,97],"on":[34,62,98,122,141],"linear":[35],"and":[37,48,90,161,173,185,207],"weak":[38],"learners,":[39],"altogether":[40,191],"leading":[41],"segmentation":[43,60,188],"errors":[44],"from":[45,203,208],"ambiguities":[47],"coverage.":[51,211],"We":[52],"present":[53],"new":[55],"method":[56],"SSM":[59],"Random":[64,73],"Forest":[65,75],"Regression":[66,74],"Voting.":[67],"For":[68],"each":[69],"surface":[70],"landmark,":[71],"trained":[77],"that":[78],"learns":[79],"spatial":[82],"displacement":[83],"function":[84],"between":[85],"according":[87],"reference":[88],"set":[92,101,143],"of":[93,102,144,148,152,195,200],"surrounding":[94],"sample":[95],"points,":[96],"an":[99],"infinite":[100],"non-local":[103],"randomized":[104],"Haar-like":[106],"features.":[107],"Landmark":[108],"then":[111],"conducted":[112,140],"omni-directionally":[113],"spaces,":[117],"where":[118],"voxelwise":[119],"forest":[120],"predictions":[121],"position":[124,135],"contribute":[125],"common":[128],"voting":[129],"map":[130],"which":[131,153],"reflects":[132],"overall":[134],"estimate.":[136],"Segmentation":[137],"experiments":[138],"were":[139,156,180,189],"45":[145],"CT":[146],"volumes":[147],"human":[150],"liver,":[151],"40":[154],"images":[155],"randomly":[157],"chosen":[158],"training":[160],"5":[162],"testing.":[164],"Without":[165],"parameter":[166],"optimization,":[167],"using":[168],"simple":[170],"candidate":[171],"selection":[172],"single":[175],"resolution":[176],"approach,":[177],"excellent":[178],"results":[179],"achieved,":[181],"while":[182],"faster":[183],"convergence":[184],"better":[186,209],"concavity":[187],"observed,":[190],"underlining":[192],"potential":[194],"our":[196],"approach":[197],"in":[198],"terms":[199],"increased":[201],"robustness":[202],"distinct":[204],"detection":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}