{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037176915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082634","title":"Fully automatic algorithm for segmenting full human diaphragm in non-contrast CT Images","display_name":"Fully automatic algorithm for segmenting full human diaphragm in non-contrast CT Images","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037176915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082634","mag":"2037176915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2082634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066237328","display_name":"Elham Karami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2942-3333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105758","display_name":"Robarts Clinical Trials","ror":"https://ror.org/01e36dv41","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I4210105758","https://openalex.org/I4405252475"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Karami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robarts Research Institute (Canada)","Western Univ. (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robarts Research Institute (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Univ. (Canada)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031508148","display_name":"Stewart Gaede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9941-4905"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stewart Gaede","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Regional Cancer Program (Canada)","Western Univ. (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Regional Cancer Program (Canada)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Univ. (Canada)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013499153","display_name":"Ting\u2010Yim Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7605-9752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105758","display_name":"Robarts Clinical Trials","ror":"https://ror.org/01e36dv41","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I4210105758","https://openalex.org/I4405252475"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Yim Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robarts Research Institute (Canada)","Western Univ. (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robarts Research Institute (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Univ. (Canada)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053150293","display_name":"Abbas Samani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-0587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105758","display_name":"Robarts Clinical Trials","ror":"https://ror.org/01e36dv41","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I4210105758","https://openalex.org/I4405252475"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Samani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robarts Research Institute (Canada)","Western Univ. (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robarts Research Institute (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Univ. (Canada)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66356011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9417","issue":null,"first_page":"941709","last_page":"941709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaphragm","display_name":"Diaphragm (acoustics)","score":0.8183096647262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rib-cage","display_name":"Rib cage","score":0.7470827698707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7189768552780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.650888204574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.48934096097946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48466330766677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46780019998550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.43709924817085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.4324912428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2957594394683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12726256251335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.08606153726577759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164292776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5271779","display_name":"Diaphragm (acoustics)","level":3,"score":0.8183096647262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160306043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576226","display_name":"Rib cage","level":2,"score":0.7470827698707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7189768552780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.650888204574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.48934096097946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48466330766677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46780019998550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.43709924817085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.4324912428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2957594394683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12726256251335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08606153726577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2082634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002798983","https://openalex.org/W2094645117","https://openalex.org/W2117358415","https://openalex.org/W2123090765","https://openalex.org/W2135513683","https://openalex.org/W4301409526","https://openalex.org/W6650981094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985827995","https://openalex.org/W2913145587","https://openalex.org/W2125447159","https://openalex.org/W2990896816","https://openalex.org/W2460163667","https://openalex.org/W4290169775","https://openalex.org/W1852468608","https://openalex.org/W2063187917","https://openalex.org/W2293493291","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96,110,225],"diaphragm":[1,61,90,108,111,147],"is":[2,63,98,199,230],"a":[3,85,102,185,196,216,221,247],"sheet":[4],"of":[5,22,31,42,130,139,153,161,170,187,220,235],"muscle":[6,21],"which":[7,190,206,245],"separates":[8],"the":[9,12,18,23,32,43,58,72,106,117,120,127,131,136,140,146,167,171,175,179,192,203,239],"thorax":[10],"from":[11],"abdomen":[13],"and":[14,119,142,173,178,241],"it":[15],"acts":[16],"as":[17,57,133,135],"most":[19],"important":[20],"respiratory":[24,44],"system.":[25],"As":[26,144],"such,":[27,145],"an":[28,231],"accurate":[29],"segmentation":[30,62,91,152],"diaphragm,":[33],"not":[34],"only":[35],"provides":[36],"key":[37],"information":[38],"for":[39,51,89],"functional":[40],"analysis":[41],"system,":[45],"but":[46],"also":[47],"can":[48,148],"be":[49,149],"used":[50,200],"locating":[52],"other":[53,77],"abdominal":[54,78],"organs":[55,155],"such":[56],"liver.":[59],"However,":[60],"extremely":[64],"challenging":[65],"in":[66,92,114],"non-contrast":[67,93],"CT":[68,94,218],"images":[69],"due":[70],"to":[71,76,184,201],"diaphragm's":[73,193],"similar":[74],"appearance":[75],"organs.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83],"present":[84],"fully":[86],"automatic":[87,240],"algorithm":[88,212],"images.":[95],"method":[97],"mainly":[99],"based":[100],"on":[101,215],"priori":[103],"knowledge":[104],"about":[105],"human":[107],"anatomy.":[109],"domes":[112],"are":[113,181],"contact":[115],"with":[116],"lungs":[118,172],"heart":[121],"while":[122],"its":[123],"circumference":[124],"runs":[125],"along":[126],"lumbar":[128],"vertebrae":[129],"spine":[132,176],"well":[134],"inferior":[137],"border":[138],"ribs":[141,180],"sternum.":[143],"delineated":[150],"by":[151,157],"these":[154,209],"followed":[156],"connecting":[158],"relevant":[159],"parts":[160],"their":[162],"outline":[163],"properly.":[164],"More":[165],"specifically,":[166],"bottom":[168],"surface":[169,205],"heart,":[174],"borders":[177],"delineated,":[182],"leading":[183],"set":[186],"scattered":[188],"points":[189],"represent":[191],"geometry.":[194],"Next,":[195],"B-spline":[197],"filter":[198],"find":[202],"smoothest":[204],"pass":[207],"through":[208],"points.":[210],"This":[211],"was":[213],"tested":[214],"noncontrast":[217],"image":[219],"lung":[222],"cancer":[223],"patient.":[224],"results":[226],"indicate":[227],"that":[228],"there":[229],"average":[232],"Hausdorff":[233],"distance":[234],"2.96":[236],"mm":[237],"between":[238],"manually":[242],"segmented":[243],"diaphragms":[244],"implies":[246],"favourable":[248],"accuracy.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}