{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969528760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081657","title":"Virtual rigid body: a new optical tracking paradigm in image-guided interventions","display_name":"Virtual rigid body: a new optical tracking paradigm in image-guided interventions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969528760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081657","mag":"1969528760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2081657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333538","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9582-922X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexis Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Univ. (United States)","Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648333","display_name":"David S. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-8861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Univ. (United States)","Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071046469","display_name":"Nishikant Deshmukh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-5290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishikant Deshmukh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Univ. (United States)","Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061883300","display_name":"Emad M. Boctor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-6720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad M. Boctor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Univ. (United States)","Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns\u00a0 Hopkins University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05998522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9415","issue":null,"first_page":"94150Y","last_page":"94150Y"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6151068210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.605825662612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5150189399719238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47346535325050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.352408766746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34622734785079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10392814874649048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6151068210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.605825662612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5150189399719238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47346535325050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.352408766746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34622734785079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10392814874649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2081657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988874269","https://openalex.org/W1993267444","https://openalex.org/W2019321140","https://openalex.org/W2035464869","https://openalex.org/W2036565823","https://openalex.org/W2042456435","https://openalex.org/W2047778171","https://openalex.org/W2086819342","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2098259685","https://openalex.org/W2098691428","https://openalex.org/W2119842211","https://openalex.org/W2151237218","https://openalex.org/W2155479981","https://openalex.org/W4253808625","https://openalex.org/W4254642917","https://openalex.org/W6654925575","https://openalex.org/W6659996155","https://openalex.org/W6662329149","https://openalex.org/W6674449682","https://openalex.org/W6674930164","https://openalex.org/W6677730470","https://openalex.org/W6683202013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2775347418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracking":[0],"technology":[1],"is":[2,11,27,128],"often":[3],"necessary":[4],"for":[5,38],"image-guided":[6],"surgical":[7,68],"interventions.":[8],"Optical":[9,25],"tracking":[10,26,79,143,207],"one":[12],"the":[13,57,89,98,117,150,163,168,176,182,185,192,199,246,262],"options,":[14],"but":[15,55],"it":[16],"suffers":[17],"from":[18,106],"line":[19,146],"of":[20,75,100,147,173,184,194,230,257,265],"sight":[21,148],"and":[22,201,223,259,261,268],"workspace":[23],"limitations.":[24],"accomplished":[28],"by":[29,115,157],"attaching":[30],"a":[31,36,42,66,73,76,82,92,103,107,121,159,171,224,250],"rigid":[32,48,84,94,125,151],"body":[33,49,85,95],"marker,":[34],"having":[35],"pattern":[37,101,119,160,169,177],"pose":[39,111],"detection,":[40],"onto":[41,162,170],"tool":[43],"or":[44],"device.":[45],"A":[46],"larger":[47],"results":[50,202],"in":[51,65,97,181,208,227,254],"more":[52],"accurate":[53],"tracking,":[54],"at":[56],"same":[58],"time":[59],"large":[60],"size":[61,127,138],"limits":[62],"its":[63],"usage":[64],"crowded":[67],"workspace.":[69],"This":[70,188,196],"work":[71],"presents":[72],"prototype":[74],"novel":[77],"optical":[78,142,186,206,221,240],"method":[80,200,234],"using":[81,212,219],"virtual":[83],"(VRB).":[86],"We":[87,165],"define":[88],"VRB":[90,153],"as":[91,133],"3D":[93],"marker":[96],"form":[99],"on":[102],"surface":[104],"generated":[105],"light":[108,139],"source.":[109],"Its":[110],"can":[112,135,166],"be":[113,180],"recovered":[114],"observing":[116],"projected":[118,161],"with":[120,204,232,238,249],"stereo-camera":[122],"system.":[123],"The":[124,215],"body's":[126],"no":[129],"longer":[130],"physically":[131],"limited":[132],"we":[134],"manufacture":[136],"small":[137],"sources.":[140],"Conventional":[141],"also":[144],"requires":[145],"to":[149,178,190,236],"body.":[152],"overcomes":[154],"these":[155],"limitations":[156],"detecting":[158],"surface.":[164],"project":[167],"region":[172],"interest,":[174],"allowing":[175],"always":[179],"view":[183],"tracker.":[187],"helps":[189],"decrease":[191],"occurrence":[193],"occlusions.":[195],"manuscript":[197],"describes":[198],"compared":[203,235],"conventional":[205,239],"an":[209,220],"experiment":[210,243],"setup":[211],"known":[213],"motions.":[214],"experiments":[216],"are":[217],"done":[218],"tracker":[222],"linear-stage,":[225],"resulting":[226],"targeting":[228],"errors":[229,256,264],"0.38mm&plusmn;0.28mm":[231],"our":[233],"0.23mm&plusmn;0.22mm":[237],"markers.":[241],"Another":[242],"that":[244],"replaced":[245],"linear":[247],"stage":[248],"robot":[251],"arm":[252],"resulted":[253],"rotational":[255],"0.50&plusmn;0.31&deg;":[258],"2.68&plusmn;2.20&deg;":[260],"translation":[263],"0.18&plusmn;0.10":[266],"mm":[267,270],"0.03&plusmn;0.02":[269],"respectively.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
