{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048714983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2079963","title":"Steganography in clustered-dot halftones using orientation modulation and modification of direct binary search","display_name":"Steganography in clustered-dot halftones using orientation modulation and modification of direct binary search","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048714983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2079963","mag":"2048714983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2079963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2079963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006886162","display_name":"Yung-Yao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6852-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Yao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taipei Univ. of Technology (Taiwan)","National Taipei University of Technology TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei Univ. of Technology (Taiwan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei University of Technology TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016939695","display_name":"Sheng-Yi Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-0565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Yi Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taipei Univ. of Technology (Taiwan)","National Taipei University of Technology TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei Univ. of Technology (Taiwan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei University of Technology TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101675126","display_name":"Kaiwen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-6910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taipei Univ. of Technology (Taiwan)","National Taipei University of Technology TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei Univ. of Technology (Taiwan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei University of Technology TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9399","issue":null,"first_page":"939907","last_page":"939907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/halftone","display_name":"Halftone","score":0.9465335607528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7716780304908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system-model","display_name":"Human visual system model","score":0.6235033273696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.6218107342720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5316320657730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5272354483604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-search-algorithm","display_name":"Binary search algorithm","score":0.5137358903884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5074600577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5066631436347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5029000639915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4869033396244049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.48450395464897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4732834994792938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47256866097450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45568063855171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-image","display_name":"Binary image","score":0.4505895674228668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-data","display_name":"Binary data","score":0.44514885544776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.21431845426559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20430949330329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.16032034158706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08203035593032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0793699324131012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777635815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1110021","display_name":"Halftone","level":3,"score":0.9465335607528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7716780304908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.6235033273696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.6218107342720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5316320657730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5272354483604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121610932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243754","display_name":"Binary search algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5137358903884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5074600577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5066631436347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5029000639915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4869033396244049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.48450395464897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4732834994792938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47256866097450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45568063855171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193828747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864118","display_name":"Binary image","level":4,"score":0.4505895674228668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913888","display_name":"Binary data","level":3,"score":0.44514885544776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.21431845426559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20430949330329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.16032034158706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08203035593032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0793699324131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2079963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2079963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483769964","https://openalex.org/W1968199840","https://openalex.org/W1974212587","https://openalex.org/W2003120523","https://openalex.org/W2012232311","https://openalex.org/W2031634294","https://openalex.org/W2096372759","https://openalex.org/W2099765213","https://openalex.org/W2102088115","https://openalex.org/W2149286313","https://openalex.org/W2164196732","https://openalex.org/W2164413944","https://openalex.org/W2395826091","https://openalex.org/W2616163540","https://openalex.org/W6628856856","https://openalex.org/W6642244450","https://openalex.org/W6674855499","https://openalex.org/W6675450958","https://openalex.org/W6712472698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378446884","https://openalex.org/W1593400592","https://openalex.org/W2367310880","https://openalex.org/W4378446710","https://openalex.org/W2154375786","https://openalex.org/W2058986208","https://openalex.org/W330378295","https://openalex.org/W2152128675","https://openalex.org/W2129182781","https://openalex.org/W4230941435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,23,35,40],"novel":[4],"message-embedded":[5,50],"halftoning":[6,51],"scheme":[7],"that":[8,58],"is":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11],"orientation":[12],"modulation":[13],"(OM)":[14],"encoding.":[15],"To":[16],"achieve":[17],"high":[18],"image":[19,33,65],"quality,":[20],"we":[21],"employ":[22],"human":[24],"visual":[25],"system":[26],"(HVS)-based":[27],"error":[28],"metric":[29],"between":[30],"the":[31,48,59,68,71],"continuous-tone":[32],"and":[34,38],"data-embedded":[36,61],"halftone,":[37],"integrate":[39],"modified":[41,54],"direct":[42],"binary":[43],"search":[44],"(DBS)":[45],"framework":[46,56],"into":[47],"proposed":[49],"method.":[52],"The":[53],"DBS":[55],"ensures":[57],"resulting":[60],"halftones":[62],"have":[63],"optimal":[64],"quality":[66],"from":[67],"viewpoint":[69],"of":[70],"HVS.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
