{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970126193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077268","title":"Confocal fluorescence microscopy for detection of cervical preneoplastic lesions","display_name":"Confocal fluorescence microscopy for detection of cervical preneoplastic lesions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970126193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077268","mag":"1970126193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2077268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087300921","display_name":"Fahime Sheikhzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-8489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fahime Sheikhzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","The Univ. of British Columbia (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of British Columbia (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028143781","display_name":"Rabab Ward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-1902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabab K. Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of British Columbia (Canada)","the University of British Columbia, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of British Columbia (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the University of British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023470624","display_name":"Anita Carraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-2719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anita Carraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr.. (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr.. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669601","display_name":"Zhaoyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6811-6945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr.. (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr.. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028527016","display_name":"Dirk van Niekerk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk van Niekerk","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Columbia Cancer Agency (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Columbia Cancer Agency (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015304965","display_name":"Calum MacAulay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calum MacAulay","raw_affiliation_strings":["The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr.. (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr.. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026010782","display_name":"Michele Follen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9628-9475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Follen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech Univ. Health Sciences Ctr. (United States)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech Univ. Health Sciences Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067123482","display_name":"Pierre Lane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-4182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Lane","raw_affiliation_strings":["The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","The Univ. of British Columbia (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of British Columbia (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074008006","display_name":"Martial Guillaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-2489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289530486","display_name":"BC Cancer Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfybe47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martial Guillaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr.. (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The BC Cancer Agency Research Ctr.. (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087300921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289530486","https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59867149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9420","issue":null,"first_page":"942009","last_page":"942009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10668","display_name":"Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal","display_name":"Confocal","score":0.8620808124542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-intraepithelial-neoplasia","display_name":"Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","score":0.7658661603927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal-microscopy","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","score":0.763208270072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.6478617191314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopsy","display_name":"Biopsy","score":0.5526090264320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy","display_name":"Microscopy","score":0.5274477601051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-microscope","display_name":"Fluorescence microscope","score":0.49728086590766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4387868344783783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence","display_name":"Fluorescence","score":0.42904433608055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.33553197979927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2265925407409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-cancer","display_name":"Cervical cancer","score":0.1969667375087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09764495491981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.0863889753818512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136009344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336201","display_name":"Confocal","level":2,"score":0.8620808124542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777343196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196788","display_name":"Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","level":4,"score":0.7658661603927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902045","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","level":2,"score":0.763208270072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.6478617191314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.5526090264320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.5274477601051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169274487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840211","display_name":"Fluorescence microscope","level":3,"score":0.49728086590766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4387868344783783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.42904433608055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.33553197979927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2265925407409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160105","display_name":"Cervical cancer","level":3,"score":0.1969667375087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09764495491981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0863889753818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2077268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172541795","https://openalex.org/W1487502643","https://openalex.org/W1516928347","https://openalex.org/W1525668142","https://openalex.org/W1969615265","https://openalex.org/W2070210288","https://openalex.org/W2159522233","https://openalex.org/W2322568954","https://openalex.org/W2474539756","https://openalex.org/W4238312494","https://openalex.org/W6606998821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250585504","https://openalex.org/W2008049857","https://openalex.org/W1978803831","https://openalex.org/W2105513520","https://openalex.org/W4211107619","https://openalex.org/W2580002495","https://openalex.org/W2056668469","https://openalex.org/W82035557","https://openalex.org/W2726111829","https://openalex.org/W1884877925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examined":[1],"and":[2,23,28,44,47,58,77,94,98,107,133,149,166,179,183,216],"established":[3],"the":[4,61,104,111,134,167,173,205],"potential":[5,206],"of":[6,54,63,74,113,136,162,185,200],"<i>ex-vivo":[7],"</i>confocal":[8],"fluorescence":[9,88,201],"microscopy":[10],"for":[11,188],"differentiating":[12],"between":[13,160,176],"normal":[14,76,217],"cervical":[15,56],"tissue,":[16],"low":[17,213],"grade":[18,25,65,123,191,210,214],"Cervical":[19,71],"Intraepithelial":[20],"Neoplasia":[21],"(CIN1),":[22],"high":[24,64,190,209],"CIN":[26,66,192,211,215],"(CIN2":[27],"CIN3).":[29],"Our":[30,143],"objectives":[31],"were":[32,84,92,101,193],"to":[33,41,120,196,207,224],"i)":[34],"use":[35],"Quantitative":[36],"Tissue":[37],"Phenotype":[38],"(QTP)":[39],"analysis":[40,199],"quantify":[42],"nuclear":[43,125],"cellular":[45],"morphology":[46],"tissue":[48,108],"architecture":[49],"in":[50,229],"confocal":[51,69,87,202],"microscopic":[52],"images":[53,91,203],"fresh":[55],"biopsies":[57],"ii)":[59],"determine":[60],"accuracy":[62],"detection":[67],"via":[68],"microscopy.":[70,89],"biopsy":[72],"specimens":[73],"colposcopically":[75],"abnormal":[78],"tissues":[79],"obtained":[80],"from":[81,212],"15":[82],"patients":[83],"evaluated":[85],"by":[86],"Confocal":[90],"analyzed":[93],"about":[95],"200":[96],"morphological":[97],"architectural":[99],"features":[100,119,165],"calculated":[102],"at":[103],"nuclear,":[105],"cellular,":[106],"level.":[109],"For":[110],"purpose":[112],"this":[114],"study,":[115],"we":[116],"used":[117,223],"four":[118],"delineate":[121],"disease":[122],"including":[124],"size,":[126],"cell":[127],"density,":[128],"estimated":[129],"nuclear-cytoplasmic":[130],"(ENC)":[131],"ratio,":[132],"average":[135],"three":[137],"nearest":[138],"Delaunay":[139],"neighbors":[140],"distance":[141],"(3NDND).":[142],"preliminary":[144],"results":[145],"showed":[146],"ENC":[147,186],"ratio":[148,187],"3NDND":[150],"correlated":[151],"well":[152],"with":[153],"histopathological":[154,168,180],"diagnosis.":[155,181],"The":[156],"Spearman":[157],"correlation":[158,174],"coefficient":[159,175],"each":[161],"these":[163],"two":[164],"diagnosis":[169],"was":[170],"higher":[171],"than":[172],"colposcopic":[177],"appearance":[178],"Sensitivity":[182],"specificity":[184],"detecting":[189],"both":[194],"equal":[195],"100%.":[197],"QTP":[198],"shows":[204],"discriminate":[208],"tissues.":[218],"This":[219],"approach":[220],"could":[221],"be":[222],"help":[225],"clinicians":[226],"identify":[227],"HGSILs":[228],"clinical":[230],"settings.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T06:59:57.516163","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}