{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092457868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076745","title":"Bridging the gap between eye tracking and crowdsourcing","display_name":"Bridging the gap between eye tracking and crowdsourcing","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092457868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076745","mag":"2092457868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2076745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010351015","display_name":"Pierre Lebreton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-8711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Lebreton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany)","Technische Univ. Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Univ. Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045016566","display_name":"Toni M\u00e4ki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toni M\u00e4ki","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Ctr. of Finland Ltd. (Finland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Ctr. of Finland Ltd. (Finland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068618489","display_name":"Evangelos Skodras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-7661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Skodras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Patras (Greece)","University Of Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Patras (Greece)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057437539","display_name":"Isabelle Hupont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-9397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150815","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/05sep9w93","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150815"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabelle Hupont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Arag\u00f3n (Spain)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Arag\u00f3n (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150815"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041286648","display_name":"Matthias Hirth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-363X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Hirth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Julius-Maximilians-Univ. W\u00fcrzburg (Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Julius-Maximilians-Univ. W\u00fcrzburg (Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9193736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9394","issue":null,"first_page":"93940W","last_page":"93940W"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9601355195045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7564924955368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.6768879890441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5359616279602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5208399891853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5026054382324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.47096091508865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4638206362724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45511844754219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4169617295265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35295677185058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.346606969833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.34341979026794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.30370500683784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0951460599899292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9601355195045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7564924955368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6768879890441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5359616279602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5208399891853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5026054382324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.47096091508865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4638206362724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45511844754219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4169617295265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35295677185058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.346606969833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.34341979026794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.30370500683784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0951460599899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2076745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597110023","https://openalex.org/W1989426692","https://openalex.org/W2021975362","https://openalex.org/W2025518782","https://openalex.org/W2035379092","https://openalex.org/W2092822459","https://openalex.org/W2106817091","https://openalex.org/W2110228188","https://openalex.org/W2114269021","https://openalex.org/W2135626977","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2151401338","https://openalex.org/W2163031058","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6635560534","https://openalex.org/W6655738960","https://openalex.org/W6682328767","https://openalex.org/W6683862106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W3207526114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"attention":[1],"constitutes":[2],"a":[3,51,61,77,90,99,111,135,147],"very":[4],"important":[5],"feature":[6],"of":[7,39,44,68,93,95,114,119,170],"the":[8,21,40,81,117,154,160],"human":[9],"visual":[10,121,132],"system":[11],"(HVS).":[12],"Every":[13],"day":[14],"when":[15],"watching":[16],"videos,":[17],"images":[18],"or":[19,143],"browsing":[20],"Internet,":[22],"people":[23],"are":[24,31],"confronted":[25],"with":[26,64,80,146],"more":[27],"information":[28,41,115],"than":[29],"they":[30],"able":[32],"to":[33,56,60,83,130],"process,":[34],"and":[35,109,138,157],"analyze":[36],"only":[37,177],"part":[38],"in":[42,66,98,134,153,159,178],"front":[43],"them.":[45],"In":[46],"parallel,":[47],"crowdsourcing":[48,101],"has":[49],"become":[50],"particularly":[52],"hot":[53],"topic,":[54],"enabling":[55],"scale":[57],"subjective":[58,100],"experiments":[59],"large":[62],"crowd":[63],"diversity":[65],"terms":[67],"nationalities,":[69],"social":[70],"background,":[71],"age,":[72],"etc.":[73],"This":[74,103,163],"paper":[75],"describes":[76],"novel":[78],"framework":[79],"aim":[82],"bridge":[84],"these":[85],"two":[86],"fields,":[87],"by":[88],"providing":[89],"new":[91,112],"way":[92],"measurements":[94,171],"user's":[96],"experience":[97],"experiment.":[102],"study":[104],"goes":[105],"beyond":[106],"self-reported":[107,141],"methods,":[108],"provide":[110],"kind":[113],"for":[116,167],"context":[118],"crowdsourcing:":[120],"attention.":[122],"The":[123],"results":[124],"show":[125],"that":[126,172],"it":[127],"is":[128,165],"possible":[129],"estimate":[131],"attention,":[133],"non-intrusive":[136],"manner":[137],"without":[139],"using":[140],"methods":[142],"specialized":[144],"equipment,":[145],"precision":[148],"as":[149,151],"high":[150],"14.1%":[152],"horizontal":[155],"axis":[156],"17.9%":[158],"vertical":[161],"axis.":[162],"accuracy":[164],"sufficient":[166],"many":[168],"kinds":[169],"can":[173],"be":[174],"efficiently":[175],"executed":[176],"non-controlled":[179],"environments..":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}