{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043657983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076291","title":"Digital breast tomosynthesis: application of 2D digital mammography CAD to detection of microcalcification clusters on planar projection image","display_name":"Digital breast tomosynthesis: application of 2D digital mammography CAD to detection of microcalcification clusters on planar projection image","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043657983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076291","mag":"2043657983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2076291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019785665","display_name":"Ravi K. Samala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-4801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ravi K. Samala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan. United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan. United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027247097","display_name":"Heang\u2010Ping Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-9006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heang-Ping Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan. United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan. United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102027564","display_name":"Yao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9004-9569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan. United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan. United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087281080","display_name":"Lubomir M. Hadjiiski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2069-8066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubomir Hadjiiski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan. United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan. United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669000","display_name":"Jun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-7150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan. United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan. United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073769753","display_name":"Mark A. Helvie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4415-4525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Helvie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan. United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179","https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan. United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019785665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4012,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82285455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9414","issue":null,"first_page":"941418","last_page":"941418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.8077372908592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7386164665222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6432253122329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-breast-tomosynthesis","display_name":"Digital Breast Tomosynthesis","score":0.5812257528305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.5772175192832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcalcification","display_name":"Microcalcification","score":0.5011851787567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.49650174379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.46921980381011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.4550202786922455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45314252376556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35207802057266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22661945223808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11174505949020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.09397616982460022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.8077372908592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7386164665222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6432253122329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909182381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7820316","display_name":"Digital Breast Tomosynthesis","level":5,"score":0.5812257528305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.5772175192832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781129008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933877","display_name":"Microcalcification","level":5,"score":0.5011851787567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.49650174379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.46921980381011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.4550202786922455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45314252376556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35207802057266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22661945223808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11174505949020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.09397616982460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2076291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320717","display_name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/03tjsyq23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1829174065","https://openalex.org/W1980853846","https://openalex.org/W1996777040","https://openalex.org/W2005433352","https://openalex.org/W2015560914","https://openalex.org/W2027790191","https://openalex.org/W2031991286","https://openalex.org/W2042976830","https://openalex.org/W2068742573","https://openalex.org/W2069141332","https://openalex.org/W2093898229","https://openalex.org/W2101830564","https://openalex.org/W2109051094","https://openalex.org/W2137082888","https://openalex.org/W2140691217","https://openalex.org/W2152758555","https://openalex.org/W2171541090","https://openalex.org/W6654100123","https://openalex.org/W6657234377","https://openalex.org/W6667454912","https://openalex.org/W6673919576","https://openalex.org/W6685254714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378946663","https://openalex.org/W2031284012","https://openalex.org/W2354834859","https://openalex.org/W4378191048","https://openalex.org/W2328635413","https://openalex.org/W1540588256","https://openalex.org/W2306216960","https://openalex.org/W2517286734","https://openalex.org/W2842041207","https://openalex.org/W1979873877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer-aided":[0],"detection":[1,10,110,282],"(CAD)":[2],"has":[3,291],"the":[4,26,29,58,67,86,103,112,116,119,137,145,213,217,220,225,236,253,261,264,273,284,288,292,296,300],"potential":[5,293],"to":[6,56,85,164,169,294],"aid":[7],"radiologists":[8],"in":[9,102,111,136,196,248,263,283],"of":[11,43,106,185,204,216,238,260],"microcalcification":[12,109],"clusters":[13],"(MCs).":[14],"CAD":[15,78,95,255,279],"for":[16,81,98,125,192,228,272],"digital":[17,82],"breast":[18],"tomosynthesis":[19],"(DBT)":[20],"can":[21],"be":[22,170],"developed":[23,39,80,97],"by":[24],"using":[25,115,158],"reconstructed":[27],"volume,":[28,212],"projection":[30,48],"views":[31],"or":[32,209,244],"other":[33,131],"derivatives":[34],"as":[35,63,172],"input.":[36],"We":[37],"have":[38],"a":[40,45,52,77,150,166,202,277],"novel":[41],"method":[42],"generating":[44],"single":[46],"planar":[47],"(PPJ)":[49],"image":[50,88,114,208,290],"from":[51],"regularized":[53],"DBT":[54,99,211,285],"volume":[55,286],"emphasize":[57],"high":[59],"contrast":[60],"objects":[61],"such":[62],"microcalcifications":[64],"while":[65,144],"removing":[66],"anatomical":[68],"background":[69,120],"and":[70,89,133,187,194,269,287,298],"noise.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"work,":[74],"we":[75],"adapted":[76],"system":[79,96,139,280],"mammography":[83],"(CAD<sub>DM</sub>)":[84],"PPJ":[87,113,229,289],"compared":[90],"its":[91],"performance":[92,237,251],"with":[93,149],"our":[94],"volumes":[100],"(CAD<sub>DBT</sub>)":[101],"same":[104],"set":[105],"cases.":[107],"For":[108,175],"CAD<sub>DM</sub>":[117,138,195,262],"system,":[118],"removal":[121],"preprocessing":[122],"step":[123],"designed":[124],"DM":[126],"was":[127,162],"not":[128],"needed.":[129],"The":[130,153,257],"methods":[132],"processing":[134],"steps":[135],"were":[140,147,189],"kept":[141],"without":[142],"modification":[143],"parameters":[146],"optimized":[148,226],"training":[151],"set.":[152,200],"linear":[154],"discriminant":[155,167],"analysis":[156,215],"classifier":[157],"cluster":[159],"based":[160],"features":[161],"retrained":[163],"generate":[165],"score":[168],"used":[171],"decision":[173],"variable.":[174],"view-based":[176],"FROC":[177,221],"analysis,":[178],"at":[179,241],"80%":[180],"sensitivity,":[181],"an":[182,197],"FP":[183,245,266,301],"rate":[184,267],"1.95/volume":[186],"1.54/image":[188],"achieved,":[190],"respectively,":[191],"CAD<sub>DBT</sub>":[193,274],"independent":[198],"test":[199],"At":[201],"threshold":[203],"1.2":[205],"FPs":[206],"per":[207,210],"nonparametric":[214],"area":[218],"under":[219],"curve":[222],"shows":[223],"that":[224,276],"CADDM":[227,239],"is":[230],"significantly":[231],"better":[232],"than":[233],"CADDBT.":[234],"However,":[235],"drops":[240],"higher":[242,258],"sensitivity":[243,259,297],"rate,":[246],"resulting":[247],"similar":[249],"overall":[250],"between":[252],"two":[254],"systems.":[256],"low":[265],"region":[268],"vice":[270],"versa":[271],"indicate":[275],"joint":[278],"combining":[281],"increase":[295],"reduce":[299],"rate.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}