{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058912251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052825","title":"An improved background subtraction approach in target detection and tracking","display_name":"An improved background subtraction approach in target detection and tracking","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058912251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052825","mag":"2058912251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2052825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012899225","display_name":"Hao Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0277-9364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking Univ. (China)","Peking Univ, (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ, (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056706680","display_name":"Yuesheng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-6800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuesheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking Univ. (China)","Peking Univ, (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ, (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046335549","display_name":"Zhenming Nong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenming Nong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking Univ. (China)","Peking Univ, (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ, (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012899225"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12514537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9067","issue":null,"first_page":"90671S","last_page":"90671S"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.955580472946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7690930962562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7563651204109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7478978037834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7297906279563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6891195178031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreground-detection","display_name":"Foreground detection","score":0.6332806944847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.5901269912719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.48188692331314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.43792444467544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.4243861436843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.35848531126976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.31140846014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.3065505623817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08827447891235352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.955580472946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7690930962562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7563651204109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7478978037834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7297906279563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6891195178031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779769447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Foreground detection","level":4,"score":0.6332806944847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5901269912719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.48188692331314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.43792444467544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.4243861436843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.35848531126976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.31140846014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.3065505623817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08827447891235352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2052825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529960445","https://openalex.org/W2111918405","https://openalex.org/W2131729179","https://openalex.org/W2140235142","https://openalex.org/W2141681031","https://openalex.org/W2158604775","https://openalex.org/W6631571417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105103921","https://openalex.org/W1999137714","https://openalex.org/W2953123162","https://openalex.org/W2086414697","https://openalex.org/W2188430267","https://openalex.org/W4298195641","https://openalex.org/W2110416663","https://openalex.org/W3010714307","https://openalex.org/W3100796443","https://openalex.org/W1973030300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,44],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,55],"novel":[4],"background":[5,19,29],"subtraction":[6],"approach":[7,79],"is":[8,31,62,92],"proposed":[9,60,78],"to":[10,67,94,99],"avoid":[11],"stationary":[12],"foreground":[13],"objects":[14],"being":[15],"merged":[16],"into":[17],"the":[18,38,59,65,69,77,81,100],"in":[20,25,88],"target":[21,84],"detection":[22,85],"and":[23,37,86,91],"tracking,":[24],"which":[26],"an":[27,47],"improved":[28],"model":[30,45,61],"designed":[32],"by":[33],"using":[34],"virtual":[35],"frames":[36],"blur":[39],"can":[40],"be":[41],"attenuated":[42],"with":[43,64],"when":[46],"object":[48],"moves":[49],"again":[50],"after":[51],"it":[52],"stays":[53],"for":[54],"long":[56],"time.":[57],"Moreover,":[58],"fused":[63],"eigenbackgrounds":[66],"improve":[68],"environmental":[70],"adaptability.":[71],"Our":[72],"experimental":[73],"results":[74],"indicate":[75],"that":[76],"enhances":[80],"performance":[82],"of":[83],"tracking":[87],"intelligent":[89],"surveillance":[90],"superior":[93],"some":[95],"state-of-the-art":[96],"methods":[97],"according":[98],"precision-recall":[101],"measurement.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
