{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085366170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051196","title":"PCA facial expression recognition","display_name":"PCA facial expression recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085366170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051196","mag":"2085366170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2051196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077251538","display_name":"Inas H. El-Hori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23906160","display_name":"University of Tripoli","ror":"https://ror.org/00taa2s29","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23906160"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inas H. El-Hori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Tripoli (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tripoli (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23906160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080465040","display_name":"Zahraa K. El-Momen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23906160","display_name":"University of Tripoli","ror":"https://ror.org/00taa2s29","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23906160"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahraa K. El-Momen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Tripoli (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tripoli (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23906160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079923760","display_name":"Ali Ganoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-1807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23906160","display_name":"University of Tripoli","ror":"https://ror.org/00taa2s29","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23906160"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ganoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Tripoli (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tripoli (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23906160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077251538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23906160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61785437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9067","issue":null,"first_page":"906712","last_page":"906712"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.8151628375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7881567478179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7266185283660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7139349579811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6616250872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6402803063392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disgust","display_name":"Disgust","score":0.5657547116279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4768722653388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-filter","display_name":"Gabor filter","score":0.44783711433410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4458504319190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.44387537240982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4249546527862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.4214634597301483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3177921175956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06026044487953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"Anger","score":0.0510726273059845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.8151628375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7881567478179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7266185283660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7139349579811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6616250872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6402803063392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777375102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208351","display_name":"Disgust","level":3,"score":0.5657547116279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4768722653388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779883129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447890","display_name":"Gabor filter","level":3,"score":0.44783711433410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4458504319190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44387537240982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4249546527862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.4214634597301483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3177921175956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06026044487953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.0510726273059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2051196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569369988","https://openalex.org/W2096044434","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2143748665","https://openalex.org/W4233340855","https://openalex.org/W6844346735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955987787","https://openalex.org/W619369203","https://openalex.org/W4386027168","https://openalex.org/W2619202811","https://openalex.org/W2080838132","https://openalex.org/W2018507422","https://openalex.org/W2038612614","https://openalex.org/W2991587272","https://openalex.org/W2584926856","https://openalex.org/W2014713986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"and":[3,29,63,89],"compares":[4],"techniques":[5,23],"for":[6],"automatically":[7],"recognizing":[8],"facial":[9,102],"actions":[10],"in":[11,56],"sequences":[12],"of":[13,18,39,58],"images.":[14],"The":[15,37,76,94],"comparative":[16],"study":[17],"Facial":[19],"Expression":[20],"Recognition":[21],"(FER)":[22],"namely":[24],"Principal":[25],"Component\u2019s":[26],"analysis":[27],"(PCA)":[28],"PCA":[30,46],"with":[31,47,92],"Gabor":[32,48],"filters":[33,49],"(GF)":[34],"is":[35,42,50],"done.":[36],"objective":[38],"this":[40],"research":[41],"to":[43,52,82],"show":[44],"that":[45],"superior":[51],"the":[53,101],"first":[54],"technique":[55],"terms":[57],"recognition":[59,95],"rate.":[60],"To":[61],"test":[62],"evaluates":[64],"their":[65],"performance,":[66],"experiments":[67],"are":[68,97],"performed":[69],"using":[70],"real":[71],"database":[72],"by":[73],"both":[74],"techniques.":[75],"universally":[77],"accepted":[78],"five":[79],"principal":[80],"emotions":[81],"be":[83],"recognized":[84],"are:":[85],"Happy,":[86],"Sad,":[87],"Disgust":[88],"Angry":[90],"along":[91],"Neutral.":[93],"rates":[96],"obtained":[98],"on":[99],"all":[100],"expressions.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
