{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156517265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051084","title":"Action classification using a discriminative non-parametric Hidden Markov Model","display_name":"Action classification using a discriminative non-parametric Hidden Markov Model","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156517265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051084","mag":"2156517265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2051084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051084","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/9067/906710/Action-classification-using-a-discriminative-non-parametric-Hidden-Markov-Model/10.1117/12.2051084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/9067/906710/Action-classification-using-a-discriminative-non-parametric-Hidden-Markov-Model/10.1117/12.2051084.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065006343","display_name":"Natraj Raman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8866-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Natraj Raman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of London (United Kingdom)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of London (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078239319","display_name":"Stephen J. Maybank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-9119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. J. Maybank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of London (United Kingdom)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of London (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015784640","display_name":"Dell Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-3725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dell Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of London (United Kingdom)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of London (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065006343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17324645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9067","issue":null,"first_page":"906710","last_page":"906710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.9125085473060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8681601285934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7056647539138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6974725127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5804400444030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.5452708005905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirichlet-process","display_name":"Dirichlet process","score":0.4826691448688507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.48253104090690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-probability","display_name":"Posterior probability","score":0.43507134914398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.41788449883461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4148896038532257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.37206971645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3277466893196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3223818242549896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.3007814884185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15581014752388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11189010739326477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.9125085473060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8681601285934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7056647539138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6974725127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5804400444030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.5452708005905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781280628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280766","display_name":"Dirichlet process","level":3,"score":0.4826691448688507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.48253104090690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57830394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079","display_name":"Posterior probability","level":3,"score":0.43507134914398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.41788449883461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4148896038532257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.37206971645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3277466893196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3223818242549896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.3007814884185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15581014752388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11189010739326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2051084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051084","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/9067/906710/Action-classification-using-a-discriminative-non-parametric-Hidden-Markov-Model/10.1117/12.2051084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.bbk.ac.uk.oai2:9291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400466","display_name":"BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","host_organization_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2051084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051084","pdf_url":"https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/9067/906710/Action-classification-using-a-discriminative-non-parametric-Hidden-Markov-Model/10.1117/12.2051084.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156517265.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156517265.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16304275","https://openalex.org/W32980360","https://openalex.org/W1983705368","https://openalex.org/W2007964250","https://openalex.org/W2020144989","https://openalex.org/W2024539680","https://openalex.org/W2025416353","https://openalex.org/W2134117233","https://openalex.org/W2135537007","https://openalex.org/W2143267104","https://openalex.org/W2144380653","https://openalex.org/W2151047074","https://openalex.org/W2153939756","https://openalex.org/W2158266063","https://openalex.org/W2162262128","https://openalex.org/W3037265734","https://openalex.org/W4233231726","https://openalex.org/W6680079412","https://openalex.org/W6682355612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386716613","https://openalex.org/W4293482264","https://openalex.org/W1614270630","https://openalex.org/W1605972624","https://openalex.org/W1833498382","https://openalex.org/W3194589442","https://openalex.org/W2945707868","https://openalex.org/W1602151161","https://openalex.org/W2599523915","https://openalex.org/W1992295166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,77,97],"classify":[1],"human":[2],"actions":[3],"occurring":[4],"in":[5,38],"videos,":[6],"using":[7,107],"the":[8,33,57,87],"skeletal":[9],"joint":[10],"positions":[11],"extracted":[12],"from":[13,86],"a":[14,26,39,45,64],"depth":[15],"image":[16],"sequence":[17],"as":[18],"features.":[19],"Each":[20],"action":[21,103],"class":[22,104],"is":[23],"represented":[24],"by":[25,92],"non-parametric":[27],"Hidden":[28],"Markov":[29],"Model":[30],"(NP-HMM)":[31],"and":[32,62],"model":[34],"parameters":[35,85],"are":[36],"learnt":[37],"discriminative":[40,65,94],"way.":[41],"Specifically,":[42],"we":[43],"use":[44,78],"Bayesian":[46],"framework":[47],"based":[48,67],"on":[49,68],"Hierarchical":[50],"Dirichlet":[51],"Process":[52],"(HDP)":[53],"to":[54,73,82],"automatically":[55],"infer":[56],"cardinality":[58],"of":[59],"hidden":[60],"states":[61],"formulate":[63],"function":[66],"distance":[69],"between":[70],"Gaussian":[71],"distributions":[72],"improve":[74],"classification":[75,100],"performance.":[76],"elliptical":[79],"slice":[80],"sampling":[81],"efficiently":[83],"sample":[84],"complex":[88],"posterior":[89],"distribution":[90],"induced":[91],"our":[93,99],"likelihood":[95],"function.":[96],"illustrate":[98],"results":[101],"for":[102],"models":[105],"trained":[106],"this":[108],"technique.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
