{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020543571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051041","title":"Gender classification from neutral and expressive faces","display_name":"Gender classification from neutral and expressive faces","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020543571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051041","mag":"2020543571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2051041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063913294","display_name":"Yasmina Andreu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yasmina Andreu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Jaume I (Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Jaume I (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009058831","display_name":"Pedro Garc\u0131\u0301a-Sevilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-7457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Garc\u00eda-Sevilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Jaume I (Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Jaume I (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003138309","display_name":"Ram\u00f3n A. Mollineda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-2905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram\u00f3n A. Mollineda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Jaume I (Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Jaume I (Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063913294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0934978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9067","issue":null,"first_page":"906723","last_page":"906723"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.935699999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6786090135574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6292163133621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.629021406173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.6144997477531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5849432349205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5349496603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38770437240600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38284334540367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.36396121978759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3224174678325653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07130265235900879}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6786090135574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6292163133621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.629021406173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.6144997477531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5849432349205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5349496603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38770437240600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38284334540367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36396121978759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3224174678325653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07130265235900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2051041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513879401","https://openalex.org/W2000950277","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2073351001","https://openalex.org/W2101392314","https://openalex.org/W2107369107","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2158617780","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4252278281","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6678230397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W1910826599","https://openalex.org/W2012353789","https://openalex.org/W2530420969","https://openalex.org/W2357114597","https://openalex.org/W2115416187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,78],"statistical":[4,50],"study":[5],"of":[6,81],"local":[7,55,91],"vs.":[8],"global":[9,61,88],"approaches":[10,56],"for":[11,46,63,86],"classifying":[12],"gender":[13,65],"from":[14],"neutral":[15],"and":[16,28,40,42],"expressive":[17,69,82],"faces.":[18,75],"A":[19],"cross-dataset":[20],"evaluation":[21],"is":[22,84],"provided":[23],"by":[24],"using":[25],"different":[26],"training":[27,72],"test":[29],"face":[30],"databases,":[31],"as":[32,34],"well":[33],"several":[35],"well-known":[36],"classifiers":[37],"(1-NN,":[38],"PCA+LDA":[39],"SVM)":[41],"widely":[43],"used":[44],"features":[45],"facial":[47],"description.":[48],"Three":[49],"tests":[51],"have":[52],"proved":[53],"that":[54],"are":[57],"more":[58],"suitable":[59],"than":[60],"ones":[62],"solving":[64],"classification":[66],"problems":[67],"over":[68],"faces":[70,83],"when":[71],"with":[73],"non-expressive":[74],"However,":[76],"if":[77],"large":[79],"set":[80],"available":[85],"training,":[87],"solutions":[89],"outperform":[90],"ones.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}