{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965129247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043828","title":"Breast tissue classification in digital tomosynthesis images based on global gradient minimization and texture features","display_name":"Breast tissue classification in digital tomosynthesis images based on global gradient minimization and texture features","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965129247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043828","mag":"1965129247","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25426271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2043828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021103445","display_name":"Xulei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-4230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xulei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA","Emory University, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057729645","display_name":"Guolan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5023-3465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","Emory Univ. (United States)","Georgia Institute of Technology (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079270012","display_name":"Ioannis Sechopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-8205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Sechopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA ; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA","Emory University, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA ; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083707303","display_name":"Baowei Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baowei Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA ; Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA ; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA","Emory Univ. (United States)","Georgia Institute of Technology (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA ; Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA ; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.2214,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9943662,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9034","issue":null,"first_page":"90341V","last_page":"90341V"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7629460096359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7082633972167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6160091161727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.5578808188438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5392166376113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-mammography","display_name":"Digital mammography","score":0.5248894095420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-tissue","display_name":"Breast tissue","score":0.4541364312171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.43297886848449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43203601241111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.42544880509376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16778117418289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16351795196533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.15130120515823364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7629460096359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7082633972167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6160091161727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.5578808188438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5392166376113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781281974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Digital mammography","level":5,"score":0.5248894095420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020109028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9103","display_name":"Breast tissue","level":4,"score":0.4541364312171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.43297886848449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43203601241111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.42544880509376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16778117418289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16351795196533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.15130120515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2043828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25426271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25426271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3207865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4241347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2044932626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21CA176684","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5201172287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 CA163746","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8280156004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01CA156775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G99195251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50-CA-128301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306141","display_name":"Susan G. Komen for the Cure","ror":"https://ror.org/02nadbe75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306352","display_name":"Georgia Cancer Coalition","ror":"https://ror.org/0009gvn90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311413","display_name":"Susan G. Komen","ror":"https://ror.org/02nadbe75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170302557","https://openalex.org/W1966492933","https://openalex.org/W1968983912","https://openalex.org/W1976534251","https://openalex.org/W1977453426","https://openalex.org/W1977732712","https://openalex.org/W1986075844","https://openalex.org/W1987111048","https://openalex.org/W1991892088","https://openalex.org/W2001412060","https://openalex.org/W2007930540","https://openalex.org/W2008124012","https://openalex.org/W2012149141","https://openalex.org/W2014920030","https://openalex.org/W2029736694","https://openalex.org/W2034105142","https://openalex.org/W2043560681","https://openalex.org/W2051957512","https://openalex.org/W2054733725","https://openalex.org/W2056282952","https://openalex.org/W2061052400","https://openalex.org/W2073124504","https://openalex.org/W2076877216","https://openalex.org/W2081826962","https://openalex.org/W2082684500","https://openalex.org/W2087699177","https://openalex.org/W2094579016","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2109149988","https://openalex.org/W2115237329","https://openalex.org/W2115546724","https://openalex.org/W2125891225","https://openalex.org/W2136915010","https://openalex.org/W2146468329","https://openalex.org/W2149611445","https://openalex.org/W2156733130","https://openalex.org/W2160336506","https://openalex.org/W2166334082","https://openalex.org/W2764377213","https://openalex.org/W4233137386","https://openalex.org/W4237139822","https://openalex.org/W6644713341","https://openalex.org/W6646917919","https://openalex.org/W6648310989","https://openalex.org/W6658141962","https://openalex.org/W6672667876","https://openalex.org/W6675077989","https://openalex.org/W6684560782","https://openalex.org/W6745182388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2557931800","https://openalex.org/W2116047071","https://openalex.org/W54977395","https://openalex.org/W1993531705","https://openalex.org/W3197491245","https://openalex.org/W1966034269","https://openalex.org/W2000845075","https://openalex.org/W1766776469","https://openalex.org/W2029515485","https://openalex.org/W1990413141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"breast":[1,35,58,221],"tomosynthesis":[2],"(DBT)":[3],"is":[4,62,128,165,181],"a":[5,63,119],"pseudo-three-dimensional":[6],"x-ray":[7],"imaging":[8],"modality":[9],"proposed":[10,179,217],"to":[11,78,91,106,112,130,204],"decrease":[12,113],"the":[13,30,101,108,139,153,156,192,199,206,213,216],"effect":[14],"of":[15,34,215],"tissue":[16,59,96,109,169,225],"superposition":[17],"present":[18],"in":[19,23,26,39,45,60,97],"mammography,":[20],"potentially":[21],"resulting":[22],"an":[24,88],"increase":[25],"clinical":[27],"performance":[28],"for":[29,219],"detection":[31,49],"and":[32,50,74,94,111,116,134,145,175,198,223],"diagnosis":[33],"cancer.":[36],"Tissue":[37],"classification":[38],"DBT":[40,61,67,98,102,186,227],"images":[41,68,103,187],"can":[42],"be":[43],"useful":[44],"risk":[46],"assessment,":[47],"computer-aided":[48],"radiation":[51],"dosimetry,":[52],"among":[53],"other":[54],"aspects.":[55],"However,":[56],"classifying":[57,220],"challenging":[64],"problem":[65],"because":[66],"include":[69],"complicated":[70],"structures,":[71],"image":[72,114],"noise,":[73],"out-of-plane":[75],"artifacts":[76],"due":[77],"limited":[79],"angular":[80],"tomographic":[81],"sampling.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84],"project,":[85],"we":[86],"propose":[87],"automatic":[89],"method":[90,180,218],"classify":[92],"fatty":[93],"glandular":[95,222],"images.":[99,228],"First,":[100],"are":[104,143,159,202],"pre-processed":[105],"enhance":[107,135],"structures":[110,133],"noise":[115],"artifacts.":[117],"Second,":[118],"global":[120],"smooth":[121],"filter":[122],"based":[123,171],"on":[124,172,226],"L0":[125],"gradient":[126],"minimization":[127],"applied":[129],"eliminate":[131],"detailed":[132],"large-scale":[136],"ones.":[137],"Third,":[138],"similar":[140],"structure":[141],"regions":[142],"extracted":[144],"labeled":[146],"by":[147],"fuzzy":[148],"C-means":[149],"(FCM)":[150],"classification.":[151],"At":[152],"same":[154],"time,":[155],"texture":[157,176],"features":[158],"also":[160],"calculated.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"each":[163],"region":[164],"classified":[166,207],"into":[167],"different":[168],"types":[170],"both":[173],"intensity":[174],"features.":[177],"The":[178,195,209],"validated":[182],"using":[183,188],"five":[184],"patient":[185],"manual":[189],"segmentation":[190],"as":[191],"gold":[193],"standard.":[194],"Dice":[196],"scores":[197],"confusion":[200],"matrix":[201],"utilized":[203],"evaluate":[205],"results.":[208],"evaluation":[210],"results":[211],"demonstrated":[212],"feasibility":[214],"fat":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}