{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970739425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042706","title":"Evolution of slanted edge gradient SFR measurement","display_name":"Evolution of slanted edge gradient SFR measurement","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970739425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042706","mag":"1970739425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2042706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111569983","display_name":"Don Williams","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Don Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Science Associates (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Science Associates (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113696946","display_name":"Peter D. Burns","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126550","display_name":"C4 Imaging (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02x41bc05","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126550"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter D. Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Burns Digital Imaging (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Burns Digital Imaging (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4833,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8497659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9016","issue":null,"first_page":"901605","last_page":"901605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-transfer-function","display_name":"Optical transfer function","score":0.8472714424133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7308404445648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6225330829620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-blur","display_name":"Motion blur","score":0.5850560069084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5526606440544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5327054858207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5089907646179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46577924489974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46445417404174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-camera","display_name":"Digital camera","score":0.44037196040153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.4278131425380707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2645217776298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21595001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11196252703666687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175231954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1942321","display_name":"Optical transfer function","level":2,"score":0.8472714424133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7308404445648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6225330829620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777708103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852589","display_name":"Motion blur","level":3,"score":0.5850560069084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5526606440544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5327054858207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5089907646179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46577924489974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46445417404174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779705975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62927","display_name":"Digital camera","level":2,"score":0.44037196040153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4278131425380707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2645217776298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21595001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11196252703666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2042706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967349352","https://openalex.org/W1989057978","https://openalex.org/W2012112237","https://openalex.org/W2027014938","https://openalex.org/W2050944596","https://openalex.org/W2098232368","https://openalex.org/W2107735554","https://openalex.org/W2117387396","https://openalex.org/W2134984689","https://openalex.org/W2165536594","https://openalex.org/W2551510458","https://openalex.org/W4377837283","https://openalex.org/W6656946587","https://openalex.org/W6674604257","https://openalex.org/W6676567328","https://openalex.org/W6677698840","https://openalex.org/W6729651040","https://openalex.org/W6852702551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994652514","https://openalex.org/W2393935806","https://openalex.org/W2406027863","https://openalex.org/W2054233127","https://openalex.org/W1997870041","https://openalex.org/W2361266860","https://openalex.org/W2374007319","https://openalex.org/W3168899168","https://openalex.org/W4385494859","https://openalex.org/W2034196146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52],"well-established":[1],"Modulation":[2],"Transfer":[3],"Function":[4],"(MTF)":[5],"is":[6,12],"an":[7],"imaging":[8,36],"performance":[9,30],"parameter":[10],"that":[11],"well":[13],"suited":[14],"to":[15,98],"describing":[16],"certain":[17],"sources":[18],"of":[19,94,114,133,143],"detail":[20],"loss,":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,46],"optical":[24],"focus":[25],"and":[26,44,83,120,136,158],"motion":[27],"blur.":[28],"As":[29],"standards":[31],"have":[32,90,117,125,139],"developed":[33],"for":[34,55],"digital":[35,57,86],"systems,":[37],"the":[38,47,70,95,110,141,144,153],"MTF":[39],"concept":[40],"has":[41,80,155],"been":[42,81,118,156],"adapted":[43,157],"applied":[45,84,159],"spatial":[48],"frequency":[49],"response":[50],"(SFR).":[51],"international":[53],"standard":[54,96],"measuring":[56],"camera":[58,87,161],"resolution,":[59],"ISO":[60],"12233,":[61],"was":[62,78],"adopted":[63],"over":[64],"a":[65,123],"decade":[66],"ago.":[67],"Since":[68],"then":[69],"slanted":[71],"edge-gradient":[72],"analysis":[73],"method":[74,97,154],"on":[75],"which":[76],"it":[77],"based":[79],"improved":[82,140],"beyond":[85,160],"evaluation.":[88],"Practitioners":[89],"modified":[91],"minor":[92],"elements":[93],"suit":[99],"specific":[100],"system":[101,146],"characteristics,":[102],"unique":[103],"measurement":[104],"needs,":[105],"or":[106],"computational":[107],"shortcomings":[108],"in":[109],"original":[111],"method.":[112],"Some":[113],"these":[115,134],"adaptations":[116],"documented":[119],"benchmarked,":[121],"but":[122],"number":[124],"not.":[126],"In":[127],"this":[128],"paper":[129],"we":[130],"describe":[131],"several":[132,151],"modifications,":[135],"how":[137],"they":[138],"reliability":[142],"resulting":[145],"evaluations.":[147],"We":[148],"also":[149],"review":[150],"ways":[152],"resolution.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}