{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065326667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042473","title":"Implementing the projected spatial rich features on a GPU","display_name":"Implementing the projected spatial rich features on a GPU","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065326667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042473","mag":"2065326667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2042473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111728681","display_name":"Andrew D. Ker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-3305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Ker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)","University of Oxford,  United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford,  United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111728681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90408513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9028","issue":null,"first_page":"90280K","last_page":"90280K"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8528594970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.844420313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6063188314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5364063382148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.5342022180557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.49758675694465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.49008452892303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.48219242691993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.4812307357788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4153825640678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.415244996547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3940078616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.32466059923171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32450544834136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30274608731269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.19392290711402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.13264548778533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06057998538017273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8528594970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.844420313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6063188314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5364063382148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.5342022180557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49758675694465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.49008452892303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.48219242691993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.4812307357788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4153825640678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.415244996547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3940078616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.32466059923171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32450544834136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30274608731269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.19392290711402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.13264548778533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06057998538017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2042473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338503","display_name":"European Office of Aerospace Research and Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22271197","https://openalex.org/W1979740015","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2009809043","https://openalex.org/W2036904261","https://openalex.org/W2040299224","https://openalex.org/W2049562124","https://openalex.org/W2071451750","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2561347364","https://openalex.org/W6600894407","https://openalex.org/W6652903076","https://openalex.org/W6659734748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2080146221","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W1912958759","https://openalex.org/W2792081825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Projected":[1],"Spatial":[2],"Rich":[3],"Model":[4],"(PSRM)":[5],"generates":[6],"powerful":[7],"steganalysis":[8],"features,":[9,55],"but":[10],"requires":[11],"the":[12,29,50,53,75,92,105],"calculation":[13,96],"of":[14,16,18,52,77,102],"tens":[15],"thousands":[17],"convolutions":[19],"with":[20,87],"image":[21],"noise":[22],"residuals.":[23],"This":[24],"makes":[25],"it":[26],"very":[27],"slow:":[28],"reference":[30],"implementation":[31,65],"takes":[32],"an":[33,64],"impractical":[34],"20{30":[35],"minutes":[36],"per":[37],"1":[38],"megapixel":[39],"(Mpix)":[40],"image.":[41],"We":[42],"present":[43],"a":[44,89],"case":[45],"study":[46],"which":[47,69],"first":[48],"tweaks":[49],"definition":[51],"PSRM":[54],"to":[56],"make":[57],"them":[58],"more":[59],"efficient,":[60],"and":[61,104],"then":[62],"optimizes":[63],"on":[66],"GPU":[67],"hardware":[68],"exploits":[70],"their":[71,78],"parallelism":[72],"(whilst":[73],"avoiding":[74],"worst":[76],"sequentiality).":[79],"Some":[80],"nonstandard":[81],"CUDA":[82],"techniques":[83],"are":[84],"used.":[85],"Even":[86],"only":[88,110],"single":[90],"GPU,":[91],"time":[93],"for":[94],"feature":[95],"is":[97,108],"reduced":[98,109],"by":[99],"three":[100],"orders":[101],"magnitude,":[103],"detection":[106],"power":[107],"marginally.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}