{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064269065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042234","title":"Image counter-forensics based on feature injection","display_name":"Image counter-forensics based on feature injection","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064269065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042234","mag":"2064269065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2042234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2534492/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086675108","display_name":"Massimo Iuliani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-4667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Iuliani","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Inter-Univ. Consortium for Telecommunications (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Inter-Univ. Consortium for Telecommunications (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005069348","display_name":"Sergio Rossetto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Rossetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. degli Studi di Firenze (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. degli Studi di Firenze (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054395599","display_name":"Tiziano Bianchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-3522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino (Italy)","Politecnico di Torino, (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031645268","display_name":"Alessia De Rosa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessia De Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Inter-Univ. Consortium for Telecommunications (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Inter-Univ. Consortium for Telecommunications (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007423585","display_name":"Alessandro Piva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-0519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Piva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. degli Studi di Firenze (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. degli Studi di Firenze (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007836692","display_name":"Mauro Barni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-0866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Barni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. degli Studi di Siena (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. degli Studi di Siena (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086675108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70276529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9028","issue":null,"first_page":"902810","last_page":"902810"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9508000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9437000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7137095928192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6881805658340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6748263239860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5770148038864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-detection","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","score":0.561075747013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5485806465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4618462920188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4533809721469879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4515600800514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4356086552143097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.42319566011428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41597577929496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.41486597061157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4122595489025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.324106901884079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3004342317581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23631155490875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1467936635017395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7137095928192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6881805658340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6748263239860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5770148038864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.561075747013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5485806465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4618462920188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4533809721469879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4515600800514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4356086552143097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.42319566011428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41597577929496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.41486597061157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4122595489025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.324106901884079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3004342317581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23631155490875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1467936635017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2042234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/842299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/842299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:porto.polito.it:2534492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2534492/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402038","display_name":"PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","host_organization_name":"Politecnico di Torino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:0277-786X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/981788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11365/981788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:porto.polito.it:2534492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2534492/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402038","display_name":"PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","host_organization_name":"Politecnico di Torino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:0277-786X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202145487","https://openalex.org/W1997127867","https://openalex.org/W2000434686","https://openalex.org/W2017681265","https://openalex.org/W2030623417","https://openalex.org/W2038425697","https://openalex.org/W2071794886","https://openalex.org/W2089740826","https://openalex.org/W2095657345","https://openalex.org/W2096754397","https://openalex.org/W2118779391","https://openalex.org/W2121029817","https://openalex.org/W2123224804","https://openalex.org/W2123965969","https://openalex.org/W2124283009","https://openalex.org/W2124931816","https://openalex.org/W2134396947","https://openalex.org/W2145915941","https://openalex.org/W2147386143","https://openalex.org/W2148685281","https://openalex.org/W2155180118","https://openalex.org/W2158996282","https://openalex.org/W2159244236","https://openalex.org/W2168126647","https://openalex.org/W2539504333","https://openalex.org/W2595741664","https://openalex.org/W4246704769","https://openalex.org/W4255023712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153284170","https://openalex.org/W4297883503","https://openalex.org/W2312819198","https://openalex.org/W3036032503","https://openalex.org/W2941415828","https://openalex.org/W4280622786","https://openalex.org/W2561491196","https://openalex.org/W2319500318","https://openalex.org/W4312753625","https://openalex.org/W2356662304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Starting":[0],"from":[1],"the":[2,12,22,32,36,45,78,83,114,118,135,140,144,151,160,169,171],"concept":[3],"that":[4,59,158],"many":[5,166],"image":[6,71,76,89,172],"forensic":[7],"tools":[8],"are":[9],"based":[10,129],"on":[11,63,106,130,146,168],"detection":[13],"of":[14,21,24,38,48,117,143,153],"some":[15],"features":[16,186],"revealing":[17],"a":[18,39,55,64,69,74,154],"particular":[19],"aspect":[20],"history":[23,47],"an":[25,49,87],"image,":[26],"in":[27,82,113],"this":[28],"work":[29],"we":[30,149],"model":[31],"counter-forensic":[33,110,195],"attack":[34,57,111],"as":[35,99,101],"injection":[37],"specific":[40,65],"fake":[41],"feature":[42,96,119,155],"pointing":[43],"to":[44,93,103,139,162,193],"same":[46],"authentic":[50],"reference":[51],"image.":[52],"We":[53],"propose":[54,150],"general":[56],"strategy":[58,178],"does":[60],"not":[61],"rely":[62],"detector":[66],"structure.":[67],"Given":[68],"source":[70],"x":[72,81],"and":[73,187],"target":[75],"y,":[77],"adversary":[79],"processes":[80],"pixel":[84],"domain":[85],"producing":[86],"attacked":[88],"~x,":[90],"perceptually":[91],"similar":[92],"x,":[94],"whose":[95],"f(~x)":[97],"is":[98,173],"close":[100],"possible":[102],"f(y)":[104],"computed":[105],"y.":[107],"Our":[108],"proposed":[109,177],"consists":[112],"constrained":[115],"minimization":[116],"distance":[120],"\u03a6(z)":[121],"=\u2502":[122],"f(z)":[123],"-":[124],"f(y)\u2502":[125],"through":[126],"iterative":[127],"methods":[128],"gradient":[131,145],"descent.":[132],"To":[133],"solve":[134],"intrinsic":[136],"limit":[137],"due":[138],"numerical":[141],"estimation":[142],"large":[147],"images,":[148],"application":[152],"decomposition":[156],"process,":[157],"allows":[159],"problem":[161],"be":[163],"reduced":[164],"into":[165],"subproblems":[167],"blocks":[170],"partitioned":[174],"into.":[175],"The":[176],"has":[179,190],"been":[180,191],"tested":[181],"by":[182],"attacking":[183],"three":[184],"different":[185],"its":[188],"performance":[189],"compared":[192],"state-of-the-art":[194],"methods.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
