{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007729204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2040160","title":"Nonlinear and non-Gaussian Bayesian based handwriting beautification","display_name":"Nonlinear and non-Gaussian Bayesian based handwriting beautification","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007729204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2040160","mag":"2007729204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2040160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2040160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086704004","display_name":"Cao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-5557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking Univ. (China)","Qingdao Univ. of Sciece and Technology (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Univ. of Sciece and Technology (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100861201","display_name":"Jianguo Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking Univ. (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084189725","display_name":"Canhui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9907-6747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Canhui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking Univ. (China)","Peking Univ. Founder Group and Zhongguancun Haidian Science Park (China)","Qingdao Univ. of Science and Technology (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ. Founder Group and Zhongguancun Haidian Science Park (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Univ. of Science and Technology (China)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102353956","display_name":"Wenhua Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhua Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking Univ. (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Univ. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086704004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998","https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7707503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9020","issue":null,"first_page":"902012","last_page":"902012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.9123600721359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typeface","display_name":"Typeface","score":0.7896668910980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beautification","display_name":"Beautification","score":0.6810938715934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6561902165412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5082926154136658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4953409731388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.48585936427116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4847838282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.4795929491519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4733436405658722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.43809276819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.4172118902206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3820662498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3274393379688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.2911597490310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1642993688583374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9123600721359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80797182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17451","display_name":"Typeface","level":2,"score":0.7896668910980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777972131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4877642","display_name":"Beautification","level":2,"score":0.6810938715934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6561902165412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5082926154136658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4953409731388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.48585936427116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4847838282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.4795929491519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4733436405658722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.43809276819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.4172118902206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3820662498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3274393379688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2911597490310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1642993688583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2040160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2040160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148554604","https://openalex.org/W1509874005","https://openalex.org/W1555493459","https://openalex.org/W1969604019","https://openalex.org/W2022958277","https://openalex.org/W2049286773","https://openalex.org/W2061384433","https://openalex.org/W2080760279","https://openalex.org/W2100049250","https://openalex.org/W2153635757","https://openalex.org/W2158613643","https://openalex.org/W2186503188","https://openalex.org/W2593377971","https://openalex.org/W4235366660","https://openalex.org/W4240774817","https://openalex.org/W4292929429","https://openalex.org/W6630410833","https://openalex.org/W6656178554","https://openalex.org/W6662927592","https://openalex.org/W6675247468","https://openalex.org/W6683075544","https://openalex.org/W6683420070","https://openalex.org/W6734162475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W2536878212","https://openalex.org/W3005534356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"framework":[1,127],"is":[2,42,53,92,102,116],"proposed":[3,25,126],"in":[4,39,75],"this":[5],"paper":[6],"to":[7,44,55,69,134],"effectively":[8],"and":[9,19,28,36,72,83,89,108,113],"efficiently":[10],"beautify":[11],"handwriting":[12,31,58,88,131],"by":[13,80,94],"means":[14],"of":[15,30,48,120],"a":[16,62,129],"novel":[17],"nonlinear":[18,112],"non-Gaussian":[20,114],"Bayesian":[21,51,63],"algorithm.":[22],"In":[23],"the":[24,57,84,98,105,110,117,125],"framework,":[26],"format":[27],"size":[29],"image":[32],"are":[33,78],"firstly":[34],"normalized,":[35],"then":[37],"typeface":[38,74,91],"computer":[40,76],"system":[41,77],"applied":[43],"optimize":[45],"vision":[46],"effect":[47],"handwriting.":[49,121],"The":[50,66],"statistics":[52],"exploited":[54],"characterize":[56],"beautification":[59,118,132],"process":[60],"as":[61],"dynamic":[64],"model.":[65],"model":[67],"parameters":[68],"translate,":[70],"rotate":[71],"scale":[73],"controlled":[79],"state":[81],"equation,":[82],"matching":[85],"optimization":[86],"between":[87],"transformed":[90,103],"employed":[93],"measurement":[95],"equation.":[96],"Finally,":[97],"new":[99],"typeface,":[100],"which":[101],"from":[104],"original":[106],"one":[107],"gains":[109],"best":[111],"optimization,":[115],"result":[119],"Experimental":[122],"results":[123],"demonstrate":[124],"provides":[128],"creative":[130],"methodology":[133],"improve":[135],"visual":[136],"acceptance.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}