{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037484941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035280","title":"A hand-held immaterial volumetric display","display_name":"A hand-held immaterial volumetric display","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037484941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035280","mag":"2037484941"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2035280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038237671","display_name":"Antti Sand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-4205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antti Sand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Tampere (Finland)","University of Tampere,Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tampere (Finland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tampere,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043773461","display_name":"Ismo Rakkolainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8254-7696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismo Rakkolainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Tampere (Finland)","University of Tampere,Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tampere (Finland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tampere,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038237671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4387,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91274898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9011","issue":null,"first_page":"90110Q","last_page":"90110Q"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.8682007789611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8383514881134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.8358113765716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6959042549133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6547707319259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5788576602935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-image","display_name":"Virtual image","score":0.570151150226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5079231858253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.5054140090942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4971778690814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-reality","display_name":"Mixed reality","score":0.480190634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.46518272161483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4433784782886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.4296036958694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35342493653297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.09981617331504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.09191921353340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.07121086120605469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.8682007789611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8383514881134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.8358113765716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6959042549133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6547707319259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5788576602935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51970089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44415","display_name":"Virtual image","level":2,"score":0.570151150226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5079231858253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.5054140090942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4971778690814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.480190634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.46518272161483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4433784782886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.4296036958694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35342493653297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.09981617331504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.09191921353340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.07121086120605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2035280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1882509203","https://openalex.org/W1973711934","https://openalex.org/W2054476107","https://openalex.org/W2065551884","https://openalex.org/W2100707144","https://openalex.org/W2116414418","https://openalex.org/W2119694084","https://openalex.org/W2153723878","https://openalex.org/W2158772297","https://openalex.org/W2169914328","https://openalex.org/W4235349352","https://openalex.org/W4240002672","https://openalex.org/W6664182488","https://openalex.org/W6675592514","https://openalex.org/W6683066823","https://openalex.org/W6684647087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972291043","https://openalex.org/W2542199880","https://openalex.org/W2226538301","https://openalex.org/W2806277143","https://openalex.org/W2773647771","https://openalex.org/W2533330454","https://openalex.org/W4221067268","https://openalex.org/W4210256621","https://openalex.org/W2473169702","https://openalex.org/W1984875446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1],"created":[2],"an":[3,27],"ultralight,":[4],"movable,":[5],"\u201cimmaterial\u201d":[6],"fogscreen.":[7],"It":[8,116],"is":[9,20,33,96],"based":[10],"on":[11,56],"the":[12,22,31,40,78,94,105,124,129],"fogscreen":[13],"mid-air":[14,44,142],"imaging":[15],"technology.":[16],"The":[17,81,140],"hand-held":[18,141],"unit":[19],"roughly":[21],"size":[23],"and":[24,63,68,73,128,136],"weight":[25],"of":[26,46,58,108],"ordinary":[28],"toaster.":[29],"If":[30],"screen":[32,79,95,143],"tracked,":[34],"it":[35],"can":[36,76,83,101,133,144],"be":[37,102,134,145],"swept":[38],"in":[39],"air":[41],"to":[42,50],"create":[43],"slices":[45],"volumetric":[47],"objects,":[48],"or":[49,90,152,158],"show":[51],"augmented":[52,113,130],"reality":[53,114,120,131],"(AR)":[54],"content":[55,132],"top":[57],"real":[59,99,125],"objects.":[60],"Interfacing":[61],"devices":[62],"methodologies,":[64],"such":[65],"as":[66,93,148],"hand":[67],"gesture":[69],"trackers,":[70],"camera-based":[71],"trackers":[72],"object":[74,89,127],"recognition,":[75],"make":[77],"interactive.":[80],"user":[82],"easily":[84],"interact":[85],"with":[86,138],"any":[87],"physical":[88],"virtual":[91],"information,":[92],"permeable.":[97],"Any":[98],"objects":[100],"seen":[103],"through":[104,110],"screen,":[106],"instead":[107],"e.g.,":[109,147],"a":[111,118,149],"video-based":[112],"screen.":[115],"creates":[117],"mixed":[119],"setup":[121],"where":[122],"both":[123],"world":[126],"viewed":[135],"interacted":[137],"simultaneously.":[139],"used":[146],"novel":[150],"collaborating":[151],"classroom":[153],"tool":[154],"for":[155],"individual":[156],"students":[157],"small":[159],"groups.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
